World history: Eras and seasons
Reference:
Morzheedov V.G.
The evolution of Franco-Spanish relations in the late XVIII - early XIX centuries.
// Genesis: Historical research.
2024. ¹ 7.
P. 1-18.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2024.7.71142 EDN: GMQOCN URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=71142
Abstract:
The article examines the evolution of Franco-Spanish relations in the late XVIII – early XIX centuries. The subject of the study is the peculiarities of the development of relations between France and Spain, the analysis of various factors that influenced the diplomacy of the two countries. The object of the study is various treaties, armed conflicts and specific political steps characterizing Franco-Spanish relations. Special attention is paid to the role of the union of the two countries in the confrontation with Great Britain. The purpose of the study is to analyze the causes and consequences of changes in relations between France and Spain in the late XVIII – early XIX centuries. A special role in the evolution of Franco-Spanish relations is noted for the coup d'état of 18 Brumaire in France and the rise to power of Napoleon Bonaparte. The active foreign policy of Napoleonic France eventually resulted in a full-scale war on the Iberian Peninsula. The author uses chronological, historical-comparative and historical-systemic research methods in his work. These methods allowed to analyze the evolution of the Franco-Spanish relations in the late XVIII – early XIX centuries. Periods of military confrontation were interspersed with the time of the union of the two countries. There was a certain duality at the heart of the Franco-Spanish alliance. On an ideological level, most of Spanish society did not accept the ideas of the French Revolution. From an economic point of view, it was not profitable for Spain to enter into the Anglo-French confrontation. Ties with the Spanish colonies were disrupted. From the point of view of European politics, Spain, isolated by its geographical location, did not always benefit from an alliance with France, since it was an unequal partner in it. A special contribution of the author to the study of the topic is the proposed periodization of the history of Franco-Spanish relations of the late XVIII – early XIX centuries, its division into a number of stages. This makes it possible to better structure the work and identify the interrelationship of the changes that determined the nature of Franco-Spanish relations at each stage. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that in this work the evolution of Franco-Spanish relations in the late XVIII – early XIX centuries is considered as a whole and continuous process, the influence of domestic political events on changes in the foreign policy of the two countries is analyzed.
Keywords:
contract, Consulate, The directory, Godoy, Urquiho, Napoleon Bonaparte, Spain, France, union, war
Beliefs, religions, churches
Reference:
REZUHIN P.S.
The Manifesto of October 17, 1905 and the Orthodox parish clergy in 1905-1907
// Genesis: Historical research.
2024. ¹ 7.
P. 19-27.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2024.7.70282 EDN: YNGIEL URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=70282
Abstract:
The author examines the socio-political component in the activities of the Orthodox parish clergy in the period 1905-1907. The author turns to the study of the influence of the Manifesto of October 17, 1905 "On the improvement of the state order" on the worldview and moods of the clergy. Based on published sources and unpublished archival materials, the attitude of the white clergy to the main document of the period of the first Russian revolution, which became the most important quasi-constitutional act of the early 20th century, is shown. The appearance of the Manifesto on October 17 forced the church authorities to grant the clergy the right to speak on the topic of the political agenda, assigning the duty to read and interpret the royal act to the laity. The public speeches of the priests, published in the diocesan gazette, emphasized the importance of the freedom granted by the emperor. The research methodology was based on the principle of historicism. The systematic method and reliance on the source allowed us to objectively consider the stated problem. The conducted research allowed us to conclude that the Manifesto of October 17, 1905 had a significant impact on the minds and moods of the parish clergy. The available information (speeches, sermons, teachings of the parish clergy, materials of consistories) allow us to assert that in the public consciousness of the clergy, this legislative act was perceived as freedom granted by the sovereign emperor not only for parishioners, but also for the clergy and clergy themselves. The ideas of the Manifesto inspired hope for the renewal of not only state, but also church life. In public speeches on the Manifesto, the clergy often criticized the authorities and expressed sympathy for the liberation movement. Thus, the Manifesto of October 17 became one of the factors that led to the politicization of the parish clergy of the Russian Empire at the beginning of the XX century.
Keywords:
constitution, peasants, empire, Synod, diocese, reforms, revolution, manifesto, parish clergy, Russian Orthodox Church
Philosophy of history, historiography, chronology/source studies
Reference:
Panaev N.S.
Problems of national security in the modern Russian-language historiography of Kyrgyzstan
// Genesis: Historical research.
2024. ¹ 7.
P. 28-38.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2024.7.71291 EDN: ZOOYAL URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=71291
Abstract:
The subject of the study is the historiography of national security problems that developed in Kyrgyzstan in the post–Soviet period, mainly in the 2000s and 2010s, when this topic began to be consistently mastered by the social science researchers of Kyrgyzstan. The author focuses on scientific works devoted to various aspects of the domestic and foreign policy of the Kyrgyz Republic, as well as problems of international relations and geopolitics in the Central Asian region related to ensuring the national security of Kyrgyzstan. The object of the research is monographs, scientific articles and dissertations on the subject of national security published by representatives of the scientific community of Kyrgyzstan in Russian in the period from the late 1990s to the present. The article analyzes the factors and directions of the Kyrgyz scientists' development of the problems of national and international security, the peculiarities of scientific discourse in this area. Methodologically, the research is based on the general scientific principles of objectivity and consistency, the work is based on a critical analysis of the texts of publications using comparative historical, typological, historical-systemic and other methods of historiographical research. The novelty of the research lies in carrying out and summarizing the results of the analysis of the structure and content of the Russian-language historiography of modern Kyrgyzstan on national security issues. The author identifies two main periods in the development of this scientific field: the late 1990s - 2000s are characterized by the predominant interests of the authors in the geopolitical and international aspects of the problem; in the 2010s, there has been an increase in the number of studies on the topics of state, economic and information security of Kyrgyzstan. At the same time, the history and current state of the Afghan issue, countering international terrorism, religious extremism and drug trafficking are always in the focus of attention of Kyrgyz researchers. The author notes the formation of scientific schools in the leading universities of Kyrgyzstan, participating in the international scientific discourse on the problems of national and regional security in Eurasia. The article concludes about the growing potential of the scientific community of Kyrgyzstan in the field of further formation of the theoretical foundations of the state security policy of the Kyrgyz Republic.
Keywords:
information security, regional security, international security, national security, geopolitical studies, humanities, historiography, modern history, international crime, government policy