Abstract: The article addresses the issue of forming representations of parenthood among adolescents in the context of parent-child relationships. The subject of the research is the psychological mechanisms that mediate the impact of family interactions on the development of future parenting images. Special attention is given to the analysis of the role of attachment styles, family upbringing styles, empathetic abilities, and the adolescent's subjective perception of parental behavior in the process of transgenerational transmission of parenting patterns. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to understand the deep psychological structures that define the quality of future parenting, as well as the need to develop scientifically grounded programs to prevent dysfunctional forms of family upbringing. The author systematizes contemporary theoretical approaches to the study of this issue and outlines the prospects for further exploration of the mechanisms of forming parental identity during adolescence. The methodological foundation of the work includes John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth's attachment theory, the concept of internal working models as affective-cognitive structures, and Albert Bandura's social-cognitive theory of learning through observation. The article employs methods of theoretical analysis, synthesis, and systematization of data from modern psychological research. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the systematization and integration of various theoretical approaches to understanding the mechanisms of forming parental representations in adolescence. For the first time, four key psychological mechanisms influencing parent-child relationships on the formation of future parenting images are identified and characterized: 1) the formation of internal working models of attachment as a basis for sensitive parenting; 2) direct modeling of parental behavior (including dysfunctional behavior) through social learning principles; 3) the developing function of empathy and open communication as resources for constructively overcoming negative family experiences; 4) the adolescent's subjective interpretation of the parenting style, mediating the formation of their own parenting goals. It is shown that a secure attachment style predicts the formation of representations oriented toward warm and responsive parenting, whereas insecure attachment styles and authoritarian parenting may lead to distortions in parenting representations. It is concluded that parent-child relationships are an integrative space in which past experiences, current psychological resources, and future orientations shape the foundation of the next generation's parental identity. The results obtained can serve as a theoretical basis for the development of psychological and pedagogical support programs for adolescents.

Keywords: age psychology, family relationships, teenagers, parenting, parental attitudes, adolescence, parent-child relationships, parenting styles, family identity, readiness for parenthood

Abstract: The subject of the author's analysis is triangulation as a method and strategy of historical-psychological research. In connection with contemporary trends in organizing scientific psychological research and with the specifics of the subject area of historical-psychological research, the possibilities and prospects for the implementation of triangulation are discussed. As a methodological foundation for defining the possibilities of triangulation in the history of psychology, the ideas of V.A. Koltsova regarding the subject, methods, sources, and principles of historical-psychological research, including the principles of comprehensiveness, completeness, and representativeness of the source base are used. The author of the article examines aspects of the topic such as the advantages and limitations of qualitative and quantitative research methods, along with the possibilities of overcoming them during the implementation of triangulation; provides examples of the application of different types of triangulation in the history of psychology, paying special attention to the triangulation of historical-psychological sources. The difficulties that arise in conducting historical-psychological research are discussed, primarily the impossibility of adhering to strict scientistic requirements in organizing scientific knowledge and verifying its results. For the first time, the conditions for overcoming the limitations of quantitative and qualitative methods in historical-psychological research are identified. The article shows that triangulation can be applied at different stages of research (organization, data collection, processing, and interpretation of results). The practice and results of historical-psychological research allow the author to highlight the triangulation of methods, data, and sources, as well as research triangulation as a key condition for enhancing the objectivity representativeness, and validity of research results using qualitative and quantitative methods. The conclusion is made that the triangulation strategy corresponds to the methodological guidelines of contemporary non-classical and post-non-classical psychology with its complex, systemic, integrative, and interdisciplinary orientation. It is shown that the systemic approach in the history of psychology, which implies conducting a multi-faceted, multi-dimensional, multi-level analysis, can be complemented by the requirement of triangulation. The novelty of the positions presented lies in defining the triangulation of historical-psychological sources as a specific to the history of psychology form of triangulation, as well as in defining the prospects for applying triangulation as a specific principle of historical-psychological research.

Keywords: history of psychology, method of the history of psychology, methodology of the history of psychology, qualitative methods of psychology, methods of the history of psychology, qualitative historical-psychological methods, quantitative historical-psychological methods, triangulation, principles of the history of psychology, triangulation in psychology

Abstract: This article presents a systematic theoretical review of the major approaches in the psychology of social cognition – a field concerned with the processes by which individuals perceive, interpret, and construct knowledge about the social world. The relevance of the work is determined by the absence in the Russian-language literature of integrative conceptual frameworks unifying disparate theoretical approaches into a single hierarchical model, as well as by the growing interest in clinical applications of social cognitive research, particularly with respect to schizophrenia spectrum disorders, in which social cognitive impairments constitute one of the key factors of social dysfunction. The significance of the work is further determined by the fact that social cognitive impairments in schizophrenia spectrum disorders span all levels of the hierarchy, which makes the systematic organisation of theoretical approaches a necessary condition for the development of differentiated diagnostic and corrective strategies. The review examines theories of perceptual processing of social and non-social stimuli (biological motion perception, face perception, and voice perception), symbolic interactionism, the selective exposure hypothesis, the social identity framework, constructivist approaches (frame theory and script theory), theory of mind, and social constructionism. The analysis of each approach is accompanied by a consideration of its clinical significance. It is argued that these approaches do not represent competing accounts but rather complementary levels of a single process, spanning from basic perceptual processing, symbolic interpretation, and motivational filtering of information to script-based anticipation, mentalising, and the dialogical coordination of meaning. Predictive processing is considered as a transversal principle unifying all levels of the framework, enabling the mechanisms of each level to be described within a single computational logic. An integrative model is proposed in which social cognition is conceived as a hierarchically organised system. The proposed model is considered a promising foundation for further convergence of classical theoretical concepts with contemporary neurocognitive and computational approaches, as well as for the clinical operationalisation of each of the described levels.

Keywords: social cognition, perceptual processing, symbolic interactionism, script theory, social constructivism, theory of mind, social constructionism, predictive coding, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, integrative model