Abstract: The subject of this article is political disinformation in digital media and its complex negative impact on the formation of the political worldview of modern youth. In the context of global digitalization, the subject area encompasses the mechanisms of spreading false information: social media algorithms that contribute to the creation of closed "echo chambers," as well as the use of advanced technologies, including artificial intelligence, to generate manipulative content. Special attention is given to the informational vulnerability of young people who use social platforms as their primary news source but currently lack sufficient skills for fact-checking. The negative consequences of fake news are analyzed in detail, such as the rise of social polarization, a decrease in trust in state institutions, and risks of radicalization, along with methods of countering this growing informational threat. The methodological basis consists of a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the scientific literature dedicated to disinformation. Methods of summarization, data systematization, and media content analysis were used to assess the impact of the digital environment on the political attitudes of youth. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the substantiated refutation of the widespread stereotype about the absolute apoliticism of modern youth and their disengagement from the political agenda. It has been proven that interest in politics among young people is steadily growing today; however, it is primarily manifested outside traditional party structures, actively relying on digital media as a new tool for civic action. Due to a lack of information filtering skills, young people often find themselves targeted by manipulators and extremist groups. The main conclusion emphasizes the urgent need for a comprehensive response to political disinformation through close collaboration between the state, educational institutions, and technological platforms. A key condition for transforming the internet into a positive factor for the formation of mature political consciousness is identified as the large-scale development of media literacy and critical thinking among the younger generation.

Keywords: Political disinformation, Fake news, Information security, Manipulation, Digital literacy, Youth, Digital media, Media literacy, Social networks, Critical thinking

Abstract: The article is dedicated to comparing psycholinguistic and automated assessments of the emotivity of English-language song lyrics and their translation into Russian. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to establish the degree of correspondence between automated methods of analyzing the emotional tone of the text and its perception by recipients. The object of the study is the emotivity of English-language song lyrics and their Russian translation. The subject of the study is the features of identifying emotivity in English-language song lyrics and their Russian translation using psycholinguistic and automated computer methods based on the parameters of polarity and intensity. The aim of the study is to determine the degree to which automated assessments of emotionality correspond to the results of psycholinguistic assessments and to identify the characteristics of changes in emotivity during the translation of song lyrics. The research material consisted of 25 excerpts from 18 song lyrics from 13 animated films produced by Disney and their translations into Russian. A psycholinguistic survey of 53 recipients, lexicon-oriented sentiment analysis, and neural network tools were used. The emotivity of the song lyrics was assessed based on the parameters of polarity and intensity. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the comparison of the results of psycholinguistic assessments of emotivity with the results of various types of automated analysis (lexicon-oriented and neural network analysis tools), as well as in identifying the differences between lexicon-oriented and neural network automated tools in determining the emotivity of song lyrics. The results from neural network tools (ChatGPT and Alice AI) showed a higher degree of correlation with the data from the psycholinguistic survey compared to lexicon-oriented systems (Daniel Soper Sentiment Analyzer and ToolStack). The study found that automated tools are more effective in identifying emotional polarity than intensity. The results can be applied in the automated analysis of emotivity in song lyrics and other literary texts in both Russian and English.

Keywords: emotivity, emotional coloring, emotive polarity, intensity, translation of song lyrics, psycholinguistic experiment, sentiment analysis, semantic differential method, automated analysis, neural network analysis

Abstract: The subject of the study is expressive means and their pragmatic functions considered at three levels of text organization: the trope level (metaphorical models and similes), the syntactic level (expressive syntactic constructions), and the lexical-stylistic level (military terminology, military jargon, precedent names, de-euphemisms). The object of the study is author-driven military journalism in the Telegram messenger. The aim is to identify the leading expressive means, determine their functions, establish how the levels of text organization interrelate and how the set of means correlates with the genre type of a publication. The material consists of 16 original posts published in 2023–2026 in the Telegram channels Ko-tsnews, “Sladkov +”, WarGonzo, “Rybar”, “Starshe Eddy” and the channel of E. Poddubny, selected by purposive sampling and divided into three genre types: operational report, commentary on video footage, and opinion column. The methodo-logical basis comprises media-linguistic and cognitive-discursive approaches. The study uses the method of metaphorical modelling, the methods of structural-functional analysis of syntax and contextual stylistic analysis of vocabulary, co-occurrence analysis, discourse analysis and the comparative method (comparison of genre types of publications, and of war correspondents’ reports with the reports of the Russian Ministry of Defence). The scientific novelty lies in describing the stylistics of war correspondents’ Telegram channels as a three-level system and in revealing the link between the set of means and the genre type of a publication. It is established that a zoomorphic model and a model of mechanical processing are used to conceptualize combat means and fire strikes. In the examples analysed, par-cellation performs an actualizing function, nominative sentences a depictive one, segmentation of the narrative into short sentences a dynamizing one, and asyndetic series a characterizing one. Military terminology forms the background register, while military jargon prevails among expressively marked vocabulary. The combination of expressive means of different levels is found mainly in commentaries on video footage. Reports gravitate towards standardized language, while opinion col-umns tend towards evaluativeness. The data obtained suggest the existence of a subdiscourse of “trench media journalism”, realized primarily in reportage-type posts. The results are applicable in medialinguistic research and in teaching media stylistics.

Keywords: military journalism, war correspondents, media linguistics, stylistic figures, tropes, conceptual metaphor, parcellation, expressive syntax, Telegram discourse, media discourse

Abstract: This article examines the specific nature of delartemes – «eternal» commedia archetypes – in E.T.A. Hoffmann’s novella «Signor Formica» (1819), aiming to identify the mechanisms of their adaptation within the work. The author substantiates the need to introduce new terms into the methodological framework of literary studies: the «theatrema» – a theatrical archetype that migrates into and adapts within literature–and the «delartema», a subtype of the theatreme that originated in commedia dell'arte and evolved in literature. Varieties of theatrema are distinguished (antique, Renaissance, Baroque, Classicist, Enlightenment, and Romantic), while the delartema is designated as a Renaissance theatrema. The study’s relevance stems from the sustained interest among Russian literary historians and theorists in theatremas and delartemas: over the past five years, 13 articles on this subject have been published. The methodology relies on the comparative-historical method, alongside intertextual and historical-cultural approaches. The novelty of this study lies in the development of a model for analyzing delartemas, which is applied to interpret both character portrayals and the author's intent. Drawing on scholarship regarding the history of commedia dell'arte, the author constructs typological profiles of the commedia characters and compares each profile with its corresponding delartema in the novella. While a high degree of correspondence is established between the novella’s versions of the Doctor, Pantalone, the Lover (male), and the Lover (female) and their commedia prototypes, conceptual differences are also noted. The Doctor is demonized, and the grotesque element of the character is intensified – a reflection of the author's attitude toward those who literally destroy artists. Conversely, the Pantalone delarteme is psychologized – albeit in conjunction with Romantic irony – reflecting Hoffmann’s view that anyone capable of admiring art and gravitating toward beauty is also capable of repentance and displays of humanity. The commedia image of the Lover – who is a true artist – acquires psychological depth and becomes multidimensional, whereas the image of the female Lover is, conversely, reduced to a symbol of poetic inspiration. Thus, the mechanisms for adapting delartemas in the novella are the intensification of the grotesque, psychologization, and symbolization.

Keywords: German Romanticism, Hoffmann, grotesque, Signor Formica, commedia dell'arte, delartema, theatrema, Doctor, Pantaloon, Lovers