Natural resources of the Arctic and Antarctica
Reference:
Galkin A.F., Zhirkov A.F., Pankov V.Y., Plotnikov N.A.
Analysis of the results of studies of the thermal regime of natural and man-made kurums of the cryolithozone
// Arctic and Antarctica.
2024. № 4.
P. 1-12.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2024.4.71939 EDN: MQQKHP URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=71939
Abstract:
The subject of research is natural and man-made kurums (blocky accumulations of rocks). The purpose of the work was to analyze the main literary sources, in which the results of research on the formation of the thermal regime of rock dumps (kurums) were published. The retrospective period of the research extends for more than 50 years. Domestic and foreign sources of information are considered. The most representative ones have been selected for analysis, in which the results of research with theoretical value and practical significance have been published. The analysis showed that on many important aspects of the formation of the thermal regime of natural and man-made kurums, all the authors of studies conducted in different regions and at different time periods, independently of each other, came to the same conclusions. This indicates the reliability and objectivity of the results obtained. An analytical review of scientific articles was used as a research method, in which research materials on the formation of the thermal regime of both the kurums themselves and their soil bases were published. The kurums of the permafrost and island permafrost zones are considered. An analytical review of literary sources containing theoretical and practical results of research on the formation of the thermal regime of natural and man-made kurums is carried out. The results of the analysis allow us to draw the following main conclusions. 1. Any types of natural and man-made kurums lead to progressive cooling of the base on which they are located. 2. When interacting with the rock base, the technogenic kurum works as an active thermal protection, changing its thermal resistance during the annual cycle. 3. When modeling the process of thermal interaction of technogenic kurum, it is quite acceptable to consider the kurum as a heat-protective layer, the thermal resistance of which depends on the effective coefficient of thermal conductivity, which changes its value when the sign of atmospheric air temperature changes. Based on the analysis of the results of the published works, conclusions are drawn about the possibility of a number of simplifications in the construction of computational models for forecasting and controlling the thermal regime of frozen bases of technogenic kurums.
Keywords:
modeling, forecast, rock formations, source, literature, analyze, kurums, thermal mode, cryolithozone, the ground
Natural resources of the Arctic and Antarctica
Reference:
Kambalin I.O., Koshurnikov A.V., Balihin E.I.
The Role of Digital Elevation Models in Increasing the Accuracy of Geophysical Studies of Anthropogenic Metallic Pollution
// Arctic and Antarctica.
2024. № 4.
P. 13-23.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2024.4.71872 EDN: NKJSBV URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=71872
Abstract:
The study focuses on improving the accuracy of geophysical investigations of anthropogenic metallic pollution using digital elevation models (DEMs). The methodology was tested at the Norilsk site, located in close proximity to the slag heaps of the nickel plant, based on DEM data obtained through unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to conduct a detailed geomorphological analysis of the area. Geophysical methods such as the natural field (NF) method and frequency sounding were also used to identify zones of potential metallic pollution, as well as the characteristics and spatial positions of predicted permafrost layers. The main emphasis is on the advantages of integrating geophysical methods with DEMs and derived cartographic materials to improve the accuracy and reliability of surface metallic pollution detection and mapping, considering the geocryological situation within the study area. Geophysical methods of natural field (NF) and frequency sounding were employed to determine the geoelectrical properties of the study area. Reconnaissance surveys and flight missions were conducted to create the digital elevation model and orthoimage, and a surface water runoff map was developed based on the generated rasters and their interpretation. Based on the obtained geophysical data, zones of possible metallic pollution spread from the slag heaps were identified, which were confirmed through DEM analysis by the geomorphology of the study site. The distribution of specific electrical resistance fields was also interpreted in consideration of the collected data and validated through borehole drilling. It is worth noting that the integrated approach helped reveal the need to revise the interpretation plan, as only through the analysis of the nature and intensity of metallic pollution could the abnormally low resistance values in areas far from thermokarst lakes, with relatively shallow permafrost depths, be explained. Additionally, it became possible to qualitatively assess the zones of dust material accumulation.
Keywords:
Spoil tip, Slag heap, Electrical resistivity, DEM, UAV, Natural field method, Frequency sounding, Geophysical study, Norilsk, Geocryological structure