Abstract: The article deals with the issue of complex genetic and genealogical study of the Khakass Itygin family, to which the famous Khakass statesman and public figure Georgy Ignatievich Itygin (1873 - 1928) belonged. In the XIX century, the family of the Itygins was called "choda khyrgys" and belonged to the Shuisky council of the Kyzyl Steppe Duma. Itygins as part of the Khakass subethnos of the Kyzyl people became Russified as a result of interethnic marriages and settled in neighboring regions. Since the ethnic roots of the Kyzyl people were not touched upon during the population-genetic research of scientists, we decided to fill this gap using the example of DNA testing of specific representatives of the Kyzyl genera. This scientific task required the development of a new interdisciplinary methodology at the junction of classical archival and documentary genealogy as an auxiliary historical discipline and genetic genealogy as a section of ethnogenomics within the framework of biological science. The methodology of complex genetic and genealogical verification of the pedigree involves cross-checking of kinship data, including oral-documentary and genetic reconstruction of the pedigree. Such a study makes it possible to establish the migration of patrilineal ancestors deep into thousands of years, which means to establish the genetic source of a particular genus/ethnos by determining the appropriate branch on the phylogenetic tree of the male population of mankind. From a genetic point of view, we are talking about the study of Y-chromosome markers as a tool for DNA identification and population attribution. Thanks to DNA testing of three male representatives of the Itygin family, it was possible: 1) to certify the autosomal relationship of two cousins – descendants of Itygin from his second marriage; 2) to determine the reference Y-haplogroup of the Itygins as I2a1b2a1a-S17250, which dates the phylogeny and migration of patrilineal ancestors of the genus to the turn of the new era; 3) additional genetic and genealogical verification of the male branch of the Itygins along a parallel line at the level of of the fifth degree, which confirmed the reference Y-haplogroup of the Itygins.

Keywords: Kyzyl people, DNA, metric book, Genotek, pedigree, genetic genealogy, haplogroup, Y-chromosome, genealogy, Itygins

Abstract: The article deals with the problem of the nomination of patrilineal contiguities determined on the basis of genome-wide sequencing of the male sexual Y chromosome. As a result of the detection of irreversible mutations (single nucleotide polymorphisms), it becomes possible to name our distant ancestors using SNP marker indices. Having previously justified the method of "sniping as naming", we have increased the nominative retrospective on the reconstruction of phylogenetic and genealogical lines. Thanks to the use of index names of Y-chromosomal mutations, it was possible to indirectly fill in the proper names of those neighbors who lived earlier in the preserved archival and documentary fund of genealogical sources. We are talking about onomatization as a process of resurrecting the names of ancestors whose genetic traces appeared in our Y chromosomes in the form of snip mutations, in fact attributing a specific male progenitor, who for the first time had an irreversible neutral ONP. The DNA molecule, like a biological document, contains information about our origin hundreds of thousands of years deep, being a genetic cemetery of lucky ancestors. The more human Y chromosomes are sequenced, the more names of proper male ancestors will be reconstructed on the Y-haplodreve. Despite the fact that the nomenclature of SNPs is constantly changing, including due to the synonymization of designations depending on developers and laboratories, the fact of nominative reconstruction of our phylogenetic neighbors through large-scale genome-wide sequencing remains immutable. On the example of the genetic-genealogical (genealogical) reconstruction of the author's patrilineal line, the prospects of a comprehensive (interdisciplinary) study of human patrilineal kinship are shown.

Keywords: haplotree, subclade, SNPs, Y-chromosomal Adam, haplogroup, DNA genealogy, genealogy, mutation, Y chromosome, philogeny

Abstract: The object of the study is the toponymic space of the East Kazakhstan region in 1900-1917. The purpose of the article, based on the data of the State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan, is to identify the problems that provoked the change of the toponymic system of East Kazakhstan in 1900-1917. As the main method, we used descriptive-analytical, involving systematization, description and sequential analysis of toponymic material. Methods of etymological, morphemic and word-formation analysis were used. The analysis of documents of the Semipalatinsk regional administration related to the change of names of settlements of the East Kazakhstan region and the renaming of Russian-language names of some settlements is presented. According to archival documents of 1910, it is clear that the attempt of the local (Kazakh) population to preserve the former names by translating into Russian was not carried out (Orders No. 10030 of August 19, 1910 and No. 4397 of March 15, 1910), while the names of counties where new settlers arrived and Russian-language names associated with the natural specifics of the location of the settlement and the economy of the population. As a result of the study, we see that the names of toponyms of the indigenous population of the region in the period under review have undergone changes created artificially.

Keywords: management, order, locality, Irtysh Line, resettlement site, village, circular order, county, Toponymy, ancestor

Abstract: The article deals with the problem of genetic and genealogical (genealogical) verification of the documentary pedigree of the Nilogovs, reconstructed by the methods of classical genealogy. Thanks to the testing of male and female representatives of the genus Nilogov on the DNA of autosomes, it was possible to genealogically confirm the documentary pedigree of the author of the article to his direct ancestor Semyon Danilovich Nilogov, who lived in the XVIII century. The object of study is the biological pedigree of the Nilogovs, and the subject is the archival and documentary reconstruction of the pedigree of the Nilogovs before the XVIII century. The source base of the work was the collections of such archives as: the State Archive of the Perm Territory, the Komi-Permyatsky District State Archive, the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts, the archive of the city of Minusinsk; personal archives of several Nilogov families were also used. The novelty of the work is the application of modern genetic and genealogical methodology for the objectification of a specific documentary pedigree by certifying biological kinship in the "descendant – ancestor" chain. Specifically, the genetic relationship of two distant relatives N. A. Nelogov and R. A. Arinicheva was studied at the level of the sixth degree. Thanks to testing of autosomal DNA of these donors, it was possible to identify their common nucleotide segments (text sequences in the form of nitrogenous bases), after which, using the statistical database of genetic kinship, The Shared cM Project 4.0., it was possible to confirm the documented reconstructed pedigree. The introduction of modern methods of molecular genetics (biological science) into scientific genealogy (historical science) is an actual trend of systemic (interdisciplinary) research.

Keywords: genealogy, DNA, Nilogovs, genetic genealogy, autosomes, DNA testing, metric book, SAPR, centimorgan, verification

Abstract: This article explores the topic of documentary reconstruction of patrilineal genealogy of the Khakass public figure Vladislav Mikhailovich Torosov (1937–2018) based on such genealogical sources as church metric books and census lists of Minusinsk district of Yenisei province for the XIX – early XX centuries. The object of this research is the genealogy of Torosov family, while the subject is the archival and documentary reconstruction of their genealogy until the XVIII century. The source base consists of the collections of the State Archive of Krasnoyarsk Region, National Archive of the Republic of Khakassia, archive of the city of Minusinsk, as well as personal papers of V. M. Torosov and his descendants. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that this work is first within Khakass genealogy to reconstruct the patrilineal genealogy of the prominent political figure V. M. Torosov, whose father M. G. Torosov was repressed in 1937 and could not pass on the information on his ancestors to descendants. The interrupted bridge between generations severely affected the family in the desire to restore their history. As a result of genealogical reconstruction of the Torosov family belonging to the Khakass seok "piltyr" that was part of the Beltyrsky Ulus of the Sagay Steppe, the author acquires the scientifically verified data on the direct male ancestors of Torosov family until the mid XVIII century. Recommendation id made on the genetic-genealogical analysis of Torosov family by Y chromosome.

Keywords: Butanaev, NARKh, SAKR, audit tale, metric book, Torguchak, family tree, Torosovs, genealogy, archive of the city of Minusinsk

Abstract: This historical-genealogical research attempted to find the authentic metrical records on the birth, baptizing, death, funeral, burial of the prominent Russian historians who live in St. Petersburg in the XVIII – beginning of the XX centuries. It became possible using online access to the recently digitalized metrical books of the churches of Petrograd spiritual chancery, which are stored in the St. Petersburg Central State Historical Archive. Such illustrative biographical information can be valuable for the genealogists and historiographers for the purpose of further examination of the biographies and ancestry of the Russian historians. During the course of this work, the authors detected the records about the birth/baptizing of K. D. Kavelin (1814), L. P. Krasavin (1882), L. N. Gimilyov (1912), death/funeral/burial of M. V. Lomonosov (1765), N. M. Karamzin (1826), K. D. Kavelin (1885). Particularly, the authors were able to discover a metrical record about death of the historiographer N. M. Karamzin, whose 250th anniversary of birth was held in 2016, same as 190th anniversary since death.

Keywords: Karsavin, Kavelin, Historiography, Lomonosov, Source studies , Karamzin, Metrical book, Gumilyov, Genealogy, St. Petersburg Central State Historical Archive

Abstract: This historical-genealogical research attempt to discover the authentic metrical records on the birth. Baptism, marriage, death of the ancestors and descendants of the prominent Russian poet Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin that resided in the capital of the Russian Empire and its surroundings in the late XVIII – late XIX centuries. Such illustrative biographical information is valuable for the Pushkinists for further study of Pushkin’s biography and ancestry. During the course of this work, the author applied such methods as analytical, biographical, hermeneutic, historiographical, descriptive, synthetic, heuristic, and epigraphic. The following records have been discovered: data on the birth/baptism of all children of A. S. Pushkin and N. N. Goncharova-Pushkina-Lanskaya – Maria (1832), Alexandra (1833), Grigory (1835), and Natalia (1836); on marriage of the their oldest son; on death/burial of A. P. Gannibal (1781), Arina Radionovna (1828), A. S. Pushkin (1837), N. N. Goncharova-Pushkina-Lanskaya (1963), and P. P. Lanskoy (1877).

Keywords: Arina Radionovna, St. Petersburg Central State Historical Archive, Ulyansky , Lanskoy, Pushkin Studies, Cherkashin, Metrical book, Gannibal, Genealogy, Pushkin

Abstract: This article is dedicated to resolution of the question on the origin of Roerich’s family, to which belonged a prominent Russian artist Nicholas Konstantinovich Roerich (1874-1947). The object of this research is the ancestry of the N. K. Roerich’s father – Konstantin Fedorovich Roerich (1837-1900). The object is the male bloodline of Roerich’s family that was studied on the material of metrical books of the Latvian State Historical Archive and Saint Petersburg Central State Historical Archive. Despite the fact that the artist himself was leaning towards the descent from the duke Rurik (Primary Chronicle of Novgorod), the discovered archive document allowed doubting such “Varangian hypothesis”. The scientific novelty consists in introduction to the academic discourse of Roerichology of the authentic metrical and other archive records about the representatives of Roerich’s family, who resided in Courland Governorate of the Russian Empire and St. Petersburg over the period of XVIII – XX centuries. In many ways it became possible owing to the genealogical findings of the Latvian historian Ivars Silars, who was able to documentarily trace the Roerich’s family up to the middle of the XVII century.

Keywords: Curland governorate, Saint Petersburg Central State Historical Archive, Schuhschel, Hartmanis, Latvian State Historical Archive, Annenko, Metrical record, Silars, Genealogy, Roerich

Abstract: This philological-genealogical research attempted to find the authentic metrical records on the birth, baptizing, matrimony, death, or burial of the Russian writers and poets who resided in St. Petersburg in the late XIX – beginning of the XX centuries. This became possible due to the Internet access to the recently digitalized metrical books of the churches of Petrograd clerical consistory kept in the Central State Historical Archive of St. Petersburg. Such visual information seems valuable for the literary historians for the purpose of further study of the biographies and genealogy of the Russian literary figures.  During the course of the research, the authors have found the data on the birth/baptizing of N. S. Gumilyov (1886), M. M. Zoshchenko (1894), K. I. Chukovsky (1882), A. A. Blok (1880), V. V. Nabokov (1899), D. S. Merezhkovsky; matrimony of F. M. Dostoyevsky and G. Snitkina (1867), A. L. Blok and A. A. Beketova (1879); death/burial of T. G. Shevchenko (1961), F. M. Dostoevsky (1881), I. A. Goncharov (1891), I. F. Annensky (1909), A. A, Delvig (1831), N. A. Nekrasov (1877/1878), and A. N. Maykov (1897).

Keywords: Gumilyov, Shevchenko, Dostoyevsky, Merezhkovsky, Blok, Chukovsky, Zoshschenko, Nekrasov, Metrical book, Central State Archive Historical Archive of St. Petersburg

Abstract: This article examines the unique for Polish numismatics case of minting the siege coins (second after besieging Gdansk by the army of Stephen Báthory in 1577). The author briefly reviews the circumstances, under which took place the siege of the Zamość Fortress in 1813, during the period of Napoleonic Wars, namely the retreat of the Great Army of Napoleon and advance of the Russian Empire army (foreign crusades). Under the conditions when all the cash money were spent for the needs of defenders of the fortress, the commander of the defending fortress M. Hauge made a decision on the emission of private coin. This work is based on in the materials on history and numismatics, examples of the coins, as well as Polish, American, and Russian sources. Despite all of the efforts to eliminate, the coins of Zamość Fortress held its place in the body of coins and medals of the period of Napoleonic Wars, and became an important national heritage and patriotic symbol, memory for the future generations about the heroic defense. The coins minted during the siege of Zamość Fortress in 1813 are the second (after the siege of Gdansk in 1577) and the last case of the siege coins in Polish numismatic, which is especially interesting for the research.

Keywords: Napoleonic wars, War of the Sixth Coalition, Duchy of Warsaw, Garrison, Fortress, Numismatic, Siege of coins, Siege, Siege money, Zamość

Abstract: This article is a sequence of the earlier published metrical materials regarding the genealogy of the Russian painter Nicholas Roerich (1874-1947) and his wife Helena Shaposhnikova-Roerich (1879-1955) [1]. The object of this research is the genealogy of H. Shaposhnikova-Roerich, while the subject is the paternal line of Spahoshnikov-Papyshev-Varentstov studied on the material of digital metrical books of the St. Petersburg Central State Archive. Based on the found metrics, the author confirms I. V. Sakharov hypothesis that the maiden name of Roerich’s great grandmother Evdokia Nikolayevna Papysheva (around 1763-1818) is Varentsova. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that for the first time into the scientific discourse of Roerichology, this work introduces the authentic metrical records abouth the representatives of the bloodline of Shaposhnikov, Papyshev, and Varentsov, who lived in Saint Petersburg in the late XVIII – beginning of the XX centuries: on the birth of Yekaterina Kuzmina Papysheva (1793), death of Ivan Afanasyev Shaposhnikov (1859), as well as birth of his granddaughter Anna Ivanovna Shaposhnikova (1885 – around 1890).

Keywords: Metrical book , Saint Petersburg, Anikina, Azaryev, Sakharov, Papyshev, Golenischev-Kutuzov, Genealogy, Roerich, Shaposhnikov

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the solution of the question pertaining to the origin of the Roerich dynasty, one of whom was the renowned Russian painter Nicholas Roerich (1874-1947). The object of this research is the bloodline of N. K. Roerich, and the object is his direct male bloodline, which has been studied based on the material of metric books of the St. Petersburg Central State Historical Archive. Despite the fact that the painter himself was leaning towards the concept that he takes his roots from the chronical Novgorod duke Rurik, the discovered archive documents allowed him to completely reject this Varangian hypothesis. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that for the first time into the scientific discussion were introduced the authentic metric records on the representatives of the Roerich dynasty who resided in St. Petersburg during the late XIX and the early XX centuries. As a modern objective method of research, the author proposes to use the genetic expertise in order to determine the Y-haplogroup of one or another male representative of the Roerich dynasty.

Keywords: Roerich, Silars, genealogy, Metric record, Annenko, Rurik, TsGIA St. Petersburg, Gazenpot, Shaposhnikov, Hartmanis

Abstract: The subject of the present article is the coat of arms and the flag of the Republic of Belarus, their history and geopolitical interpretation. The history of Belarus and domestic policy processes ongoing in the Republic of Belarus are reflected in the symbols of the contemporary coat of arms and flag of Belarus. According to the author of the article, Belarusian heraldry has managed to combine both the pre-revolutionary experience and the experience of the Soviet heraldic science. The author of the article examines the coat of arms of the Republic of Belarus in terms of the basics of heraldry and Soviet heritage of symbols. During the Soviet Union heraldry was forgotten as a science and that is why the coats of arms of the Soviet republics including Belarus were just signs but not actual coats of arms. In the post-Soviet times some CIS countries decided to create new coats of arms explaining that their coats of arms had no actual historical basis while other countries started to change Soviet coats of arms and make them to be symbols of independent states. In this research Zagoruyko has applied the historical approach that allows to describe geopolitical phenomena and political allies of the Republic of Belarus. The historical comparative method and the historical genetic method applied demonstrate that it is possible for a new state to  adopt the old symbols. The above mentioned methods have allowed to define the main points of the research. The main conclusion of the research is that the coat of arms of Belarus flows organically from the coat of arms of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic despite the fact that the Republic can actually create a new coat of arms based on the coats of arms of the pre-Soviet period. However, the author admits that it was right of the Republic to refuse from using the 'Pahonia' coat of arms that was the symbol of the the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and therefore had a different ideology. According to the author, the flag of Belarus is a interesting example of the country's identity. Even though the contemporary coat of arms does not correspond to a number of heraldry rules and needs to be improved, heraldry of Belarus has a quite structured and traditional nature. 

Keywords: heraldry, the Republic of Belarus, coat of arms, Soviet heraldry, Pahonia, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Belarusian People's Republic, Lukashenko, errors in the coat of arms, description of the coat of arms

Abstract: The process of development of historical geography as a branch of science and academic discipline hasn't been easy. It has taken quite a long time to define the subject matter of historical geography which can be explained by specific features of the subject and interdisciplinary nature of research in historical geography. The XVIII century is believed to be some starting point for historical geography in Russia. However, this branch of science started to develop only in the second half of the XIX century. This is when a long process of accumulation of knowledge, introduction of new sources  of science and experience of historiography has allowed to define the main paths and basic trends in historical geography. At the turn ofthe XIX - XX centuries historical geography became an academic discipline. The author of the present article also describe the main milestones of development of historical geography and summarizes the experience of teaching historical geography at universities in pre-revolutionary Russia. 

Keywords: Moscow University, archeological conferences, archeology, historical map making, source studies, interdisciplinary research, historical geography, history of science

Abstract: Throughout the period of teaching historical geography there has been a very important problem with study materials. At the beginning of the XX century a few study books were published. However, researchers noted that those study books had a weak conceptual framework, mostly due to a weak definition of the subject matter of historical geography and undeveloped methods of research. During the 20's - 30's of the XX century historical geography was forgotten as an academic discipline. Researches were mostly conducted within the framework of history studies. Historical geography was not taught at schools for almost 30 years. The author of the present article describes how the academic community came back to studying and teaching historical geography in mid XX. The article also contains the description of the place and role of historical geography in modern world and reviews of study books and study materials in this sphere. 

Keywords: history, history of science, historical geography, teaching, Department of Source Studies, auxiliary disciplines, Moscow University, study materials

Abstract: The article studies the Russian toponymy, which reflected the memory of the heroes and events of the War of 1812. Toponymy is considered as intangible heritage, which forms the historical and cultural space of Russia. The authors analyze the factors and features of the propagation of names associated with the war of 1812, identifies periods and the wave of renaming, the patterns of territorial concentration of names. The list and define a kind of "rating" of the characters and events of the war mentioned in Russian toponymy. The patterns are reflected in the tables, charts and maps.

Keywords: toponymy, heritage, historical and cultural space, historical and geographical patterns, names rating, events rating