Abstract: This article is devoted to the comprehensive scientific analysis and study of the mechanism for economic management in the conditions of political transformation, such as in  Russia in late XX - early XXI centuries. The study of the authors allows to state that transformation economy in the conditions of political reforms is a special state of social and economic system in the society,a nd it requires a special approach to analysis and management.  Managing transformation economy in the conditions of political reforms is a topical problem, and it requires recognition and analysis of various factors. The analysis of sociological studies held by the Russian scientists allows one to state that the Russian reforms do not exclude hiddent (latent) threats and risks of the further progress and sustainability, such as a) social risks regarding aggressive manifestation of social discord (demonstration, growth of the number of mass protest actions, etc.) b) financial risks regarding greater dependency of the state on the global market; c) risks regarding deficit or dependency on various types of resources; d) risks of spread of AIDS and other infectious diseases. The "deeper" risks may include: a) disproportion in the structure of population due to the rapid downfall of the birth rate; b) environmental risks regarding growth  of natural catastrophes (earthquakes, floods, etc.) and the problems of foodstuffs security issue, growing number of food poisonings, various environmental threats and threats to the health of the people; c) crisis of trust in the society. Currently there are signs of a certain shift of the political system in the society towards  the so-called managed democracy. There is an obvious change in the democratic institutions, including political opposition, requiring further theoretical analysis and political studies. Therefore, the study of the transformation risks allows for deeper comprehension of the transformation model of the society as a model for the local risk community.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of methodology of the national security problem in Russia. The specific features of the modern system of international relations is manifested via internationalization, globalization, growing tempo of global transformation processes, making it more and more complicated, contradictory and conflict-generating.  Activation of terrorism, the wish of a number of states to produce nuclear weapons and carriers, formation of new power centers, competition for the access to natural resources, competition between the social models, consequences of the global crisis make one worry for the fate of the strategic sustainability.  It is undoubted that there are positive changes, since the national security strategy  is closely connected to the National development concept till 2020 and it is closer to reality, than previous documents of 1997 and 2000.  The modern wars and armed conflicts may be caused by the following factors: economic  (such as uneven development, fight for the raw resources and markets for capital), political (such as political instability in various regions), military and technical (presence of new types of weapons, its quality and quantity markers), spiritual and religious (such as religious extremism, Islamic fundamentalism,  social and psychological personal ambitions).  The above-mentioned parameters make the issues of military threat and military danger more topical, and require more comprehensive evaluation.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the history of education and up-bringing in Russia and the ideological principle of reproduction of national cultural, historical and spiritual values. According to the author, the role of the institution of education in the reproduction of the national cultural identity will be soon diminished as a result of the inclusion of the Russian system of education into the global educational environment. The pedagogical theory needs the ideal of a well-educated man both for developing the theory and practice of up-bringing and assessing their efficiency. Education becomes meaningful and efficient only if it is aimed at achieving the idea. The ideal of a well-educated man is very important for the society even though it is almost impossible to be achieved in the reality. The main quality criteria of the educational process are the efficiency of the process of education and success of a young specialist on the labour market. 

Abstract: The general purpose of the article is not only to describe the the philosophy and methods of the discourse about the national character but also to better understand the conceptual side of associated theories.
By analyzing the concepts about the Russian national character suggested by B. Bysheslavtsev, N. Berdyaev and N. Lossky, the authors prove their assumption about the 'syncretic' nature of these theories that include empiric, theoretical, axiological, ideological and projective elements derived from the sphere of the philosophy of culture as well as the principles of cultural policy. The authors emphasize the need for application of the differentiated approach to studying these concepts in order to distinguish between the hypothesis to be verified and one's values and outlook.
By analyzing the historical and philosophical discussions by K. Kavelin and M. Pogodin, the authors of the article study the relation between the cultural and historical experience of Russian people and philosophical ideas of the mid XX century. The question about special features, axiological value of the phenomenon of statehood and its influence on the culture and society has been traditiionally one of the most topical issues in Russian philosophy. The authors of the present article make an attempt to clarify the reasons of the continued interest towards the phenomenon of statehood.

Abstract: The authors of the article view different approaches to understanding the process of integration and carry out a comparative analysis of the conditions that were created for integration of different types of Russian migrants in Yugoslavia, Lithuania and Germany as well as peculiarities of their adaptation to another culture and society. Actual and legal problems faced by Russian refugees in Europe were mostly caused by the fact that Russians were treated as a special category of foreigners in recipient countries. Usual principles of reciprocity or the principle of legal equality of aliens did not apply to them. Many ethnic Russians were not citizens of the Russian Empire any more but at the same time they never became citizens of the USSR either. This created a rather wide layer of stateless people who needed to be protected by the international law. By studying documentary sources, the researchers make a conclusion that active proceses of mass emigration of population and displacement of refugees were caused by the global transformations in the world history such as war consequences, territorial rearrangements, political convulsions and boundary adjustments. Moreover, they were conditioned by social and political factors as well as violent acts performed by the authorities that forced significant mass of population to immigrate. On the other hand, emigration caused serious shifts in the development of political, ethno-cultural, confessional and other spheres of social life of countries.  The legal base of emigration had a direct impact on all aspects of the adaptation process such as job placement, education, living conditions, marriage and divorce social security and others. The results of research are quite important for the modern times , too. Russians who live abroad now often face the same problems as the Russian immigrants back in the 1920s.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

Abstract: The article is devoted to the correspondence of the social and personal development. The authors of the article study how the social institutions ere formed and pay special attention at the system mof values. Practical researches of the relationship between human, religion and church carried out in Russia for the past two decades demonstrate the revival of religion and religious feelings especially Orthodoxy. The authors view certain social functions performed by the Orthodox religion, in particular: religion as the collective opposition force, religion as the ethno-religious mobilization and homogenization processes, religion as the integrative defense function and religion as the system of institution and legitimation. The authors touch upon particular issues related to both secular and religiuos education, discuss whether it is possible to involve secular teachers like sociologists in teaching at religious schools and universities in order to train well-educated and well-read ministers of church. Legitimation function of religion was the 'legitimization' of social procedures, institutions and relations. Orthodox religion also guaranteed the political loyalty and recognition of the government.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the process of socio-cultural development. In particular, the author focuses on the drivers of this process and cultural interaction as one of the main driverrs. The article presents the analysis of cultural changes driven by the dialogue with the other culture and shows contradictory nature of such changes. Cultural ideas, experience and knowledge conveyed in the process of the dialogue of cultures are subject to new interpretation and 'readings' in a new cultural environment. As a result, they may get a different meaning so what was perceived by the recipient culture is exposed to innovation-driven development. The process of inerpretation of perceived traditions may either change these traditions completely or make them very different from the original ones. 
The dialogue of cultures include transmission of cultural elements from one culture into another, their 'absorbtion' in another culture, creaton of creative work in the manner of another culture, synthesis of the 'ours' and 'theirs', the 'original' and 'adopted' and formation of something completely new. 
As the dialogue of cultures develop, elements of the other culture lose their exotic nature. As soon as 'theirs' is undestood, it is absorbed by the 'ours' and expand the borders of our culture. 

Abstract: The article is devoted to democratization of the Russian society from the point of view of liberal ideas. The authors' thesis is that Russian democracy has to adopt to a very complex landscape and yet there are chances for democracy in Russia. On one hand, Russia has very infavorable consolidation conditions for democracy. Nevertheless, these negative features can be compensated by huge efforts and the Russians' will to change. It should be said that the Western liberal idea of deideologization already has influenced the spiritual and moral development of Russian youth. Young people have appeared to be completely helpless when they faced the pressure of the Wetern mass culture emphasizing such faults as the cult of money, violence and erotic, escape of young generation into an illusionary world created by drugs, and etc. Researches conducted among young Russians show that deideologization of the Russian society deprived the young generation of ideology and it is well known that an individual without ideology turns into an animal looking like human. Such individuals have no values that could elate human and form his dignity and faith in the humanistic future of the mankind. 
 
 

Abstract: In this article the author analyze the causes, preventing the implementation of priority social, economic and political goals in achieving the democratic state. They discuss their elements, regarding legal causes as legal norms failing to meet systemic requirements; social causes as including conflicts between neo-liberal reforms and social views of the Russians; spiritual and educational causes including low legal culture, lack of even elementary legal education, organizational causes including unsatisfactory control of the state over implementation of the existing and newly issued legal acts. Finally, the authors consider that the unsolved legal conflicts become one of the forms of legal contradiction, undermining the bases for the sustainable development.  Consequently, establishing the socially important information, establishing its key elements and role may be achieved by combination of general scientific data of information, and social information, first of all, together with the special legal notions on this type of information, as provided for mostly in legal definitions, lists of generally accessible information, legislative acts and other legal forms.
 

Abstract: The author of the article underlines that in a situation of ongoing democratic political process and formation of a modern civil society, a political leader performs his actions within the framework of legal and other standards. These standards regulate interactions between the leader and his followers and transform political leadership not only into social and political institutions but also into the instutitions of political decisions and political power. 
Under conditions of transformations in the modern political system, the personal nature of politics is considerably expanded which makes researchers view the phenomenon of political leadership from the point of view of new methodological approaches. Specifics of modern political process are due to activization of a political leader. In this regard, researches of political leadership are becoming very important, in particular, researches of the mechanisms of the leader's managing and governing functions because success of the political system directly depeds on the results of managerial decisions of the political leader. 

Abstract: The authors of the article establishes the statement that in order to actually reinforce the civil society, it is necessary to develop the 'spirit of transformation' that includes professional responsibility, steady balance between freedom and equality, solidarism (communalism) and individualism, efficient cultural communication, natural evolutionary changes, willingness for 'gradual' reforms and etc. 
It is the authors' opinion that the gap between individualism and solidarism is not so significant as it seems. Today these two phenomena are rather interpenetrating and flexible. 
Each human must understand that there are other people around him. We depend on others and others depend on us as well. Therefore, the purpose of each person, group or class is to find the best way to live with others bu tnot to fight against another person, gruop or class. 

Abstract: The article is devoted to the conditions, causes and particular results of the influence of information technologies on the development of innnovative personality. The authors of the article define specific factors contributing to the development of innovative personality as well as political consequences of this phenomenon. One of the fundamental problems of the theory of formation of innovative personality is the absence of the theoretical model with the basic qualities that have been acquired in the process of professional development. From the point of view of the society, innovative personality can be described as a combination of particular qualities. When analyzing the present crisis situation, it is necessary to switch from the subject-oriented technologies to the person-centered methods that require special attention and need to be oriented at formation of new personal qualities rather than the development of new rules, methods and techniques of the educational process. In order to create, develop and implement the 'breakthrough' innovation technologies in modern Russia, the two main conditions are needed: historically developed advantageous socio-political and socio-economic environment on the one hand and well trained human resources on the other hand. 

Abstract: Russia is the conglomerate of demographic potentials, i.e. people who follow common civilizational principles. Russian civilizaton is primarily associated with Orthodoxy. The second element of Russian civilization is the sobornost. Sobornost is quite close to the modern meaning of democracy. The third element of our civilization is the peacefulness as an external expression of the moral element of Russian civilization.
The key to success of any development is the proper combination of traditions and innovations. Noteworthy that any political, economic and social transformations must not interrupt the successive bond of the Russian society and Russian civilization with its national, spiritual and moral traditions for the sake of establishment and development of new foreign orders.

Abstract: The article shows the mechanisms of interrelation of the components of intellectual status in the process of formation of the civil society in Russia. Due to the close contact and mutual penetration of elements of social relations, there is inevitably a vast variety of versions and combinations of elements in various groups of intellectuals, and especially in some persons.  In other world this is a matter with a vast variety of individual manifestations.  Any attempts to regulate it too harshly, to deny the right of an intellectual for a harsh and somewhat skeptical attitude to reality may easily cause encroachment on the personal identity and lack of respect to it. However, intellectuals do not accept an anarchical approach to freedom and organization, absolutization of relativist attitude towards values and ideals.  Finally, in order to guarantee both possible types of behavior of intellectuals, it is necessary to strengthen its civil activism.  The term "civil activism" has two meanings. It reflects combination of currently topical aspects of social activities, or it includes political and legal independency of people.  Many topical problems of Russian intellectuals which serve as the basis for its oppositional attitude are due to their inclusion into a different class, where they are mixed with other groups of people, getting shadowed over, moved away, sweet-talked to in the mass media and coated in illusions. However no tricks can cross out the contradictions, which are due to the real difficulties. 

Abstract: The author of the article emphasizes the need for rational forms of researching the integration of Russian personality, his existence among others and social communication and introduction of spatial, temporal, historical and socio-cultural parameters into epistemology of social and humanitarian sciences. 
Russian personality is viewed as the developing system consisting of many levels. Such diversity of Russian personality shows itself in diverse forms of activities. The theme of the phenomenon of Russian personality in terms of its development, historical dynamics, presentation of all his essential qualities is wide, profound and nearly ever-ending especially taking into account the vast territory of Russia and peculiarities of Russian geography, climate and their influence on Russian personality, personal qualities of Russian leaders, dominating ethnic features, ethnic identity, ethnic psychology and many other factors. 
Russian personality can be also viewed from the point of view of different philosophical approaches such as philosophical anthropology, synergetic antropology, comparative philosophy, religious philosophy and others. Special attention is now paid to the relation between philosophical anthropology and social philosophy and design of their new configuration in modern humanities. Special emphasis will be made on forms of expression of human nature in cultural anthropology and human ecology in terms of the anthropological shift of modern times, socio-cultural problems and sociology of history. 

Abstract: The article concerns the mechanisms of sustainable political stability through the preservation of the social institutions and development of the political culture. The transitional movement of the political system in the society depends upon the permanent process of reproduction and development of the political culture, which is performed via learning and acceptance of its norms, values and models of political behavior by the people.  In the conditions of crises and transitional society when the types of political culture are changing, significant problems appear in the sphere of preservation and sharing of the political experience, the continuity of the political institutions, norms and values.  In the state where both political and economic systems have changed there appeared an ideological vacuum, and the basic values got redefined. The role and value of the political socialization is growing and its result should be a new political culture of the population. The subjects of the political process are active factors within this process, who act to achieve certain goals. It may be a person, who made a decision and implements it, or a group, being formally or informally organized, a movement, which is capable of uniting representatives of various social classes, ideological, religious and other positions.  However, sometimes the "participants" take part in the political process without fully understanding its meaning.  Sometimes they may be involved in certain actions by accident or against their will.  As a result of interaction of the political subjects, there form inner sources for the development of the political process and they may be regarded as the sources for its self-development.  The transition of political values, positions and behavior models is performed when an individual is influenced by the socialization factors, and when the political system is transformed, the political socialization agents also change.

Abstract: The article contains the analysis of the issues regarding development of law and state in Russia within the framework of interaction between person, society and states. The authors consider that interaction between persons, state and society should be regarded as one of national priorities, defining the model of development of state adn law in Russia in the XXI century. At the same time the model of development of state and law in Russia is a complex strategic program on evolution of the state and improvement of institutions of state and law.  The authors make the conclusion that the vector of development of state and law in Russia should be amended in accordance with the need to change the views on the interactions between persons, society and state, which influences the choice of their harmonious existence. One of the goals of the NGOs, and the civil sector is to involve citizens and social organizations into the implementation of state policy, to develop the mechanisms for its correction in order to achieve its correspondence with the interests of various social groups of people.  It is very important to find an optimum balance, since the public should not  be decision-makers, and the state servants should not be advisors.  However, the opposite approach, when the society has only deliberative function without any opportunity to influence decision-making is also not acceptable.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the problem of patriotic education in terms of Russian culture and history. The phenomenon of patriotism is shown as one of the most significant timeless values of the society. The phenomenon is based on the highest level of the development of all personality qualities. It is underlined that patriotism is the most important psychological quality of a motherland's defender and it is usually expressed in love for our homeland and feeling close to native history, culture, achievements, problems as well as constant and successive starvation for higher development and realisation of personal potential. Patriotism defines one's civic position, system of morals and a desire to protect our Motherland even when it requires self-sacrifice. If we manage to form a civic identity in Russian polyethic, polyconfessional and polycultural environment as well as to provide for social and spiritual consolidation of the Russian society and ensure social mobility of a person, quality and availability of education as the factor decreasing risks of social stratification, we will be able to build an effective model of patriotic education in modern Russia. 

Abstract: This article explains that Russia's national purpose is inseparable from the ideals of Russian culture and Russian philosophy, the imperative behind the Russian government's transition to noospheric-environmental socialism. The history of Russia is the process of the super-conscious and the conscious, the semi-conscious and the unconscious, the adequate and the distorted personification of the spirit of the people of the nation into particular social ideas and statehood. Each successive government configuration of the Russian national purpose in some way contains the historical experience of previous forms. Russian national values must lie at the heart of the national purpose of Russia and its ideology; alongside national values are the basic objectives of the national strategy and goals of achieving a decent quality of life for Russians, government priorities to support the Russian family, honest labor and morality of national existence. Finally, the national purpose must be supported by the democratic foundations of the Russian state, which will come about as the result of personal choice and the development of modern Russia.

Abstract: The author of the article uses the social and philosophical approach to studying the younger generation. This approach allows to define and fully describe the relation between social transformations and changes of personality, values and motivations. This is necessary for solution of important issues of a society. The younger generation creates the future and acts as a very important element of today's society. We should keep in mind that development of the younger generation and formation of young people's identities reflect the development of the society in general. This is just another proof of how important the topic of research is. The results of research can be used in pedagogy. It would allow to solve problems of young people more efficiently. The fact that we need to ensure full physiological and intellectual development of a young personality and prepare the younger generation for an independent and labour life creates a need in establishing a whole system of social services including psychological services. 

Abstract: The present article describes peculiarities of educational identity of youth in terms of socio-culturla transformation of the modern Russian society. Younger generation of Russians is now living under the conditions of formation of information society where education, knowledge and information are becoming the main resources and keys to life success. The majority of young people intend to receive good education. At the same time, they vary in their actual involvement in educational processes. 
Today many young people view education as an instrument but not all of them realize it is the resource that can raise their wealth and level and quality of life. 
Under such conditions it is becoming very important to provide new approaches to studying problems of education, in particular, to focus on formation of educational and professional identities and directions in different social groups. It would be also necessary to takeinto account existing models of increasing the levels of education and youth employment and to define their life strategies from the point of view of accumulation of human knowledge and assets. 

Abstract: Government regulation of population migration in modern Russia has deep historical roots. The authors analyze the research experience of pre-revolutionary Russia's migration processes and reveals the main traits and results of this period's transmigration. They found out the following. Pre-revolution research viewed colonization as a settlement process, common in any historical background; the resettlement process from thickly-populated regions to places where the population is scarce, or poorly adapted to the environment; the migration is a government-driven process; involves measures that support culture and economy of the native population. Researchers attempted to demonstrate that the migration is both, caused by volume and patterns of the economy's growth, and is the cause for shifts in the country's economic potential, the structure of society and the spread of industrial relations. The authors conclude that pre-revolution authors focused their works on the transmigration process itself: migration destinations, social spread of settlers; ways and forms of resettlement; conditions of travel; main reasons and significance of resettlement. The issues of colonization and resettlement was viewed in a tight connection with agrarian and other social and economic issues.