Review: In recent years, the number of students with learning difficulties has increased. Often, children with a high level of intellectual development cannot cope with the primary school program. The success of studying at school is largely determined by the level of development of the executive function. There is evidence that the results of sensorimotor tests coincide with the results of the evaluation of executive function. The purpose of the study: to find a connection between the results of sensorimotor tests and the academic performance of elementary school students. The study involved 108 children aged 9-11 years. Annual marks in all subjects for grades 2 and 3 were taken into account. The diagnostic unit consisted of 7 hardware and software tests that evaluated various parameters of simple and complex sensorimotor reactions. Results. Factorial and regression analysis of the data were carried out, statistically significant relationships between academic performance and indicators of complex sensorimotor tests were revealed. The tests included three main elements of executive function: inhibitory control, working memory and cognitive flexibility. The results of certain sensorimotor tests predict academic performance in grades 2 and 3. Apparently, this is due to the fact that the tests simulate the learning process in real conditions when it is necessary to show cognitive flexibility. The relationship of academic performance with simple sensorimotor reactions has not been revealed. Conclusion. The use of certain sensorimotor tests for older preschoolers and first grade students will allow identifying children at risk of learning difficulties before these difficulties arise and have a negative impact on the development of the child's personality. The use of software and hardware complexes for conducting sensorimotor tests makes it possible to examine large groups of children in a short time, which is convenient in educational institutions. The results of testing of younger schoolchildren will help to develop an optimal educational route for each child, taking into account the peculiarities of the functioning of the nervous system.

Keywords: visual-motor reactions, reaction time, sensorimotor tests, cognitive flexibility, academic performance, inhibitory control, children, executive functions, auditory-motor reactions, learning difficulties

Review: In this study, an attempt was made to find prognostic parameters that allow finding diagnostic differences between the two most common speech disorders (SD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The aim of the study was to compare the characteristics of the conduction of an audio signal at the level of the cerebral trunk (results of ABR) and the loss in the frequencies of the spoken range of 500-1000-2000-4000 Hz (multi ASSR) of the children with ASD and children with SD. The study involved 495 children aged 2 to 11 years. The experimental group included children with ASD in the amount of 245 people, as well as children with speech disorders 250 people. All children were examined at the Prognoz clinic and, according to the conclusion of the audiologists, had no hearing impairment. The data obtained revealed similarities and differences in the functioning of the auditory pathways in children with ASD and SD. The question of whether this information can be used for differential diagnosis needs further study. It is important that the structures of the brainstem, which determine the quality of the conduction of bioelectrical impulses along the auditory pathways, are formed even before the birth of a child. Thus, already in the first weeks of life, it is possible to identify children at risk, who subsequently have a high probability of developing ASD or SD.

Keywords: diagnostics, development, language disorder, hearing, speech disorder, auditory perception, evoked potentials, children, communication, Autism

Review: The object of research is emotional tension. The subject of the study is assessment of emotional tension in the process of presentation of emotionally significant stimuli in the form of images and sounds according to the parameters of physiological activity and tensotremorometry in the process of maintaining isometric effort. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of methods of determination of tremor and its connection with emotional tension. Key aspects are the consideration of the key frequency range of physiological tremor analysis 8-16 hertz, methods of tremor measurement such as accelerometry, tensotremorometry, electromyography. Studies of the relationship between tensotremorometry on the frequency range of physiological tremor and emotional tension are considered. We propose a new method for analyzing tremor according to tensotremorometry data using the sliding window method and filtering the frequencies characteristic of physiological tremor. Methods of recording physiological activity in the form of photoplethysmography and skin electrical activity were used for reliability of the results obtained. We described and confirmed the connection between emotional tension during the demonstration of meaningful stimuli and finger tremor, while holding a given force in an isometric condition. The new technique has wide possibilities for use in the psychological and clinical fields, in particular, in detection of hidden information, assessment of the stress resistance of personnel, and determination of the functional state of a person, as well as in the study of the psycho-emotional state of students.

Keywords: Psychophysiology, Isometric force, Emotional tension, Tensotremorometry, Maximum voluntary contraction, Physiological tremor, Autonomic nervous system, Involuntary movements, Epps-Singleton criterion, Neurokit2