Abstract: The subject of the study is the coping strategies and protective mechanisms of 1st and 4th year students with different levels of adaptability.
Successful adaptation of a student is an important condition for successful educational and cognitive activity. Based on this, the problem of studying the adaptation process and determining the factors that affect the success of this process among students is relevant. Significant and important factors influencing the adaptation process of students are coping strategies and the protective mechanism of personality. Students of 1st (30 people) and 4th year (29 people) were examined. Significant differences were obtained in the groups of highly, medium and low-adaptive 1st and 4th year students in terms of psychological defense parameters and coping strategies. The study was conducted using the following methods: the methodology for diagnosing the socio-psychological adaptation of K. Rogers and R. Diamond, the Plutchik – Kellerman – Conte questionnaire "Lifestyle Index", the questionnaire "Methods of coping behavior" by R. Lazarus. The scientific novelty of the study is related to the results obtained in the diagnosis of coping strategies and defense mechanisms of the 1st and 4th year students with different levels of adaptability. 1st and 4th year students with a high level of adaptation have similar mechanisms of psychological protection, namely: rationalization, compensation, as well as similar types of coping strategies: problem solving planning, self-control, taking responsibility. 1st and 4th year students with a low level of adaptation have differences in the mechanisms of psychological protection, namely: 1st year students have such types of psychological protection as: regression; coping strategy – escape- avoidance; 4th year students have types of psychological protection – denial; coping strategy – search for social support.

Abstract: The increasing tension of labor entails an increase in the number of social conflicts in educational organizations between all subjects of educational relations. In case of conflict situations, the main responsibility for their settlement falls on teachers. The purpose of the work: to study the influence of strategies of conflict behavior of teachers on the psychological atmosphere of the teaching staff. This study involved 25 people from the teaching staff of the school (21 women and 4 men). The study was conducted using the following methods: methodology for assessing the psychological atmosphere in the team (according to A. F. Fiedler); strategies of behavior in conflict by K. Thomas.
  In the course of an empirical study of conflicts in the teaching staff, it was revealed that a favorable psychological atmosphere has developed in the studied teaching staff. The following influences of the style of conflict behavior on the socio-psychological climate of the team are revealed: cooperation strengthens mutual support, compromise increases passion and consent, adaptation is associated with consent, rivalry suppresses the manifestation of satisfaction, enthusiasm and entertainment, cooperation is not acceptable with coldness, the more compromise forms of behavior, the less inconsistency in the group, the more adaptation, the less inconsistency, the more often the withdrawal strategy is used, the less agreement (-0.330) and cooperation.

Abstract: The subject of the study is a psychological program aimed to increase the level of emotional intelligence in children's coaches of sports associations. To date, the problem of emotional intelligence is expressed in contradiction, where, on the one hand, a child needs the necessary emotional support during training and competitions, on the other hand, there are insufficient funds in the scientific literature to improve it. The purpose of the work is to develop a program to increase the level of emotional intelligence among children's coaches of sports sections. The study was conducted with 21 trainers of children's sports sections on the basis of the youth "Technical Design Center" in the city of Krasnoyarsk. A program was developed to increase emotional intelligence among children's coaches of sports sections. It was built in accordance with a certain logic of working with emotions, which includes awareness of one's own and others' emotions in various situations, mastering the ability to manage one's own and others' emotions and mastering the ability to manage one's behavior in non-standard situations. The program, tested on a group of trainers, helped to increase their emotional intelligence. The results of this study can find practical application in various fields of psychological practice: psychological education, counseling, etc. They can be used in the development of professional training programs, retraining and advanced training of teachers – trainers.

Abstract: The subject of the study is the ratio of indicators of success in career and interpersonal relationships of spouses in patriarchal and egalitarian families. The purpose of the study was to determine the direction and nature of changes in marital relations in situations of career growth of one of the spouses. To conduct the study, we used: the questionnaire "Communication in the family" (Yu.E. Alyoshina, L.Ya. Gozman, E.M. Dubovskaya), the methodology "Role expectations and claims in marriage" (A.N. Volkova), the methodology "Distribution of roles in the family" (Yu.E. Alyoshina, L.Ya. Gozman, E.M. Dubovskaya), a test questionnaire of satisfaction with marriage (V.V. Stolin, G.P. Butenko, T.L. Romanova, Faculty of Psychology, Moscow State University), the method "Life Line" Golovakha E.I., Kronik A.A., adapted for the purposes of the study - measuring attitudes to career growth, methods of qualitative and quantitative data processing were also used. The sample of the study is represented by a group of men and women aged 35 to 40 years, in the number of 12 people who have been married for 10-15 years.   Based on the conducted research, it can be concluded that traditional patriarchal families are not characterized by high social activity, focus on career development of both spouses, a high level of trusting communication and mutual understanding.
As a result of the correlation analysis, it was found that there are a large number of correlations between various spheres of family relations, satisfaction with marriage and career success.
Thus, the data obtained will increase the level of consistency of family values and the role adequacy of spouses, which will reduce the number of conflicts arising in the family and will contribute to the harmonization of family relations and thereby increase the level of satisfaction with marriage by spouses.

Abstract: The subject of the work is the development and implementation of a program for the regulation of negative psychological states of karate athletes from 8 to 14 years old. The purpose of this study is to develop an effective program aimed at correcting the negative psychological states of karate athletes from 8 to 14 years old during preparation for competitive activities. In our work, we analyze the methods of psychological regulation of karate athletes from 8 to 14 years old during the preparation for competitive activity. In the teaching of the karate section, there are a number of problems associated with a decrease in the cognitive activity of students, with a decrease in the level of health culture, which is due to a number of factors: improper nutrition of athletes, bad habits (alcohol, smoking), a small amount of sports in life (the development of physical inactivity), workload in training, etc. These factors force teachers to look for new ways in teaching and educating students. In this work, the psychological states of karate athletes from 8 to 14 years old for competitions were studied. We have developed a program for regulating the psychological states of karate athletes from 8 to 14 years of age in the pre-competition period of training by organizing work with model situations in which athletes can detect psychological difficulties associated with motivation to achieve success, anxiety and stress, as well as together with the coach to find ways to resolve them, during which there will be an increase in motivation to achieve success and stress resistance and reducing the level of anxiety.
In the course of the study, after testing the program, changes in the level of anxiety (its decrease) and motivation (its increase) occurred in 83.3% of respondents.

Abstract: The subject of this study is the peculiarities of the socio-psychological climate in the apparatus of the Government of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the satisfaction of employees with their work. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that in the process of political interaction of subjects of political communication, the socio-psychological climate determines a lot. Assessing the current situation, some politicians and sociologists note the need for purposeful formation of a socio-psychological climate for more productive and effective work, since it can be a tool that helps not only to build relations between politicians with each other, but also to correct the socio-political state, improve the psychological climate in society, regulate public relations. The study was conducted on the basis of the Government of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, in three departments with a total of 62 people.

According to the results of the study, it was concluded that the unfavorable socio-psychological climate prevails in the apparatus of the Government of the Krasnoyarsk Territory in two departments (negative values according to the methodology of O.S. Mikhalyuk and A.Y. Shalyto). According to the survey results, many employees do not want to get to know each other better, spend time informally together, and maintain friendly ties. The integral majority of satisfaction with work in teams (according to the method of N.P. V. Fetiskin) is also low in two departments, which indicates the disadvantage of employees in this team, dissatisfaction with work is observed, which means that employees do not make special efforts to achieve the best result of their work, employees are not satisfied with the relationship in the team and prefer to work alone.
Correlation analysis showed between climate and job satisfaction: in a favorable socio-psychological climate, the level of job satisfaction in the team is high, in an unfavorable socio-psychological climate – low

Abstract: The purpose of our work is to identify the relationship between reflection and self–regulation among teachers of a general education institution. Reflection is one of the most important mechanisms of self-regulation, as the ability to manage the development of one own competencies, i.e. to carry out personal and professional growth. The development of self-regulation helps a modern teacher to find an individual style of professional activity, allows him to achieve adequate professional and personal self-esteem, predict and analyze the results of his activities.
Subject of research: the relationship of reflection and self-regulation among teachers of a general education institution.
The following were selected as the main research methods:
1. Methodology for diagnosing the level of development of reflexivity (Karpova A.V.).
2. Basic questionnaire "Style of self–regulation of behavior - SSPM" (Morosanova V.I.). The study was conducted on the basis of secondary schools No. 4 and No. 19. Krasnoyarsk. In total, 56 teachers aged 30 to 35 years with more than 5 years of experience in school participated in the study. The sample was mainly made up of women (93%) – subject teachers. After statistical data processing, the following conclusions are made.
Teachers with high and low levels of reflection have differences in the level of general self-regulation. There is also some peculiarity in the development of self-regulation processes and regulatory-personal properties. Therefore, we can say that the hypothesis put forward at the beginning of our study has been confirmed. That is, the relationship of reflection and self-regulation among teachers of a general education institution exists. This fact should be taken into account in order to influence the process of professional self-development, to understand the reasons for his professional failures and failures and to regulate his pedagogical activity.

Abstract: The subject of the study is gender and age differences as factors of autoaggressive behavior of adolescents. An empirical study was conducted at secondary school No. 2 in the village of Yemelyanovo, Krasnoyarsk Krai. The analysis of gender differences in age dynamics and the prevalence of forms of suicidal behavior showed that among young men, students in grade 9, there was no pronounced dynamics in the prevalence of various forms of suicidal behavior. There is a tendency to a noticeable increase in suicide attempts in the 10th grade-2%, in 11-3%. A similar trend was observed in the prevalence of suicidal intentions. The level of intentional self-harm is higher in grade 10.
In teenage girls, unlike boys, the first peak of autoaggressive manifestations is observed in the 9th grade. Then the level of suicidal attempts, suicidal intentions and intentional self-harm is significantly reduced. The results of the study showed that the forms of suicidal behavior in which autoaggression is manifested, suicidal intentions are most common in both girls (36%) and boys (29%). Suicidal intentions in this case include frequent thoughts and ideas about their own death. About 2% of girls and 8% of boys committed suicide attempts, which had a demonstrative, "blackmail" or protest character.
For adolescent boys, such risk indicators as aggressive behavior, a tendency to vandalism, and a tendency to risk were more significant. For girls, the more characteristic risk indicators were lack of attention, a tendency to tantrums, a feeling of loneliness, etc. Common trends for boys and girls are: low self-esteem, friendship with older people, short temper, disappointment in personal life.

Abstract: The data of the study of the relationship between the components of psychological well-being and existential fulfillment in late adolescence are presented. It was suggested and proved that the first fundamental existential motivation (according to the methodology of V.B. Shumsky, E.M. Ukolova, E.N. Osin, Ya.D. Lupandina "Diagnostics of existential fulfillment") concerning the possibility of being in the world is significantly related to self-acceptance and competence. The second fundamental existential motivation concerning the value of life is significantly related to self-acceptance and positive relationships. The third fundamental existential motivation concerning self-worth is significantly related to self-acceptance and personal growth. The fourth fundamental existential motivation concerning meaning is significantly related to life goals and autonomy. The study sample consisted of boys and girls aged 17 to 25 years in the number of 82 people, 41 of them boys and 41 girls. In the course of the study, the goal was achieved, namely, significant connections were revealed between the components of such constructs as psychological well-being and existential fulfillment. We have made the following conclusions:
1) Respondents with a high level of psychological well-being were guaranteed to have a high level of existential fulfillment. However, respondents with a high level of psychological well-being did not always have a high level of existential fulfillment. 2) The component of psychological well-being "self-acceptance" demonstrated the most significant relationship with the components of existential fulfillment (fundamental existential motivations) at the significance level of p≤0.01.
The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the results of the study can be applied in the framework of existential psychotherapy, as well as in the analysis of factors that affect the psychological well-being of a person.

Abstract: The subject of the study of this article are the factors affecting marital satisfaction of married couples. In particular, the relationship between satisfaction with marriage and personal attitudes and the level of self-actualization of spouses was investigated. The following methods were used in the study: "marriage satisfaction test questionnaire" (OUB). Authors: V.V. Stolina, T.L. Romanova, G.P. Butenko; test "Measuring attitudes in a married couple". Authors: Alyoshina Yu.E., Gozman L.Ya., Dubovskaya E.M.; self-actualization test (SAT), measuring self-actualization on two basic and a number of additional scales (author: Alyoshina Yu.E, etc.). The study involved 20 married couples with a marriage experience of 7-10 years. The conducted research has shown that the degree of satisfaction with marriage depends on personal attitudes and the level of self-actualization of the individual. Men are more satisfied with marriage than women, they make fewer claims to their spouse, they are more satisfied with family life. There is also a relationship between husband and wife satisfaction with marriage: the more satisfied one is, the more satisfied the other is with marriage.
The diagnostic data of the subjects' self-actualization showed that there is a relationship between the degree of satisfaction with marriage and the scales: competence in time, self-reliance, value orientations, flexibility of behavior, self-esteem, self-acceptance. Statistical analysis has shown that there is a relationship between satisfaction with marriage and the desire to divorce, the attitude to romantic love and the significance in sexual relations.

Abstract: The article shows that among the factors of the effectiveness of pedagogical work, the personal characteristics of the teacher are important. This is due to the fact that personal qualities, such as sociability, organization, emotionality, perseverance, discipline and others, encourage the teacher to work on himself, to self-improvement. In addition, the effectiveness of the educational process depends on personal characteristics, whether the teacher will be able to find an approach to students, build trusting relationships, motivate them to acquire knowledge, create a favorable psychological climate in the classroom. A study was conducted to study the influence of characterological features on the effectiveness of the professional activity of teachers of correctional schools. In the course of diagnostics of personal qualities of teachers and comparison with the level of efficiency of professional activity, the presence of the character traits declared by us, such as organization, emotional stability, attachment and extroversion in teachers with medium and high levels of efficiency and the absence or weak expression of these character traits of teachers with a low level of efficiency of activity, was revealed. A complete analysis of the previously identified groups of effectiveness of professional activity of teachers shows that the declared qualities of character are particularly pronounced in representatives with a high level of efficiency of professional activity in 100%, and are also traced in more than half of the teachers from the group with an average level of efficiency of professional activity of 85%.
In connection with the data obtained, we can talk about the influence of such character traits as: extroversion (sociability), organization, attachment, emotional stability on the effectiveness of professional activity.

Abstract: The subject of the research of this article is the connection of emotional intelligence with the success of educational and professional activities of students of the Music Academy. A study was conducted on 60 respondents of the Krasnoyarsk State Academy of Music and Theater. The following methods were used in the study: the scale of self-assessment of one's success (D. Laikert), the scale of assessment of the level of situational (concert) anxiety (C.D. Spielberg, Y.L. Khanin), the method of assessing "emotional intelligence" (N.Hall), mathematical methods of data processing. In the course of the study, a positive relationship was established between emotional intelligence, educational and performance success, and self-esteem of students in the general sample. Students manage their emotions better and are therefore better able to control anxiety and focus on the learning process, which in general has a positive effect on their success.   Emotional intelligence affects the success of the educational and professional activities of students of the Music Academy and confirms our hypothesis. Indeed, the higher the emotional intelligence, the more successful the educational and professional activities of students and the lower the concert anxiety. Students with a higher level of emotional intelligence not only have high scores in musical performance, but are also more adequate in self-assessment of their abilities. We believe that in the conditions of musical performance, emotional intelligence receives a specific refraction determined by the peculiarities of musical and artistic activity. This is manifested in the development of such qualities as managing your emotions, self-motivation, empathy.

Abstract: The article is the result of systematic complex work on psychological support of stewards of passenger cars. The author examines one of the factors of the formation and dynamics of the self-attitude of a transport services worker. The study is gender oriented. The purpose of this article is to identify and evaluate the reliability of passenger car stewards. The theoretical basis of the study was the scientific data of research psychologists on the factors of formation and development of professional self-attitude. The subject of this study is gender differences in the professional attitude of passenger cars stewards. The results of the study suggest that there are statistically significant differences in the parameters of internal conflict and self-abasement in the profession of male and female passenger car stewards. The data obtained will be taken into account when developing and improving the system of psychological support for transport service specialists, taking into account gender differences. The revealed gender differences in the professional self-attitude of the passenger cars stewards should be taken into account when building further work on psychological support for this category of specialists, which will contribute to their professional and personal development, increase labor productivity, improve motivation for professional activity.

Abstract: This article touches upon the problem of readiness of the modern public school pedagogues for implementation of inclusive education. The author carries out an empirical research, the results of which demonstrate unwillingness of the pedagogues to teach children with health limitations. This is manifests in poor organization of correctional and developmental environment for inclusive education, as well as insufficient pedagogical interaction between all actors of the inclusive process pedagogical interaction between all subjects of the inclusive process; inability to select optimal means to arrange inclusive education and use various resources for the development of all children, etc. The author offers the key strategic directions for administration of public schools aimed at working with the indicated flaws, which for the most part are related to the arrangement of comprehensive interdepartmental interaction of all parties to the educational process. The author obtained the data on the main shortages of public school pedagogies in working with impaired children. Based on the method of self-analysis of pedagogical difficulties, the respondents indicated the reluctance to solve professional tasks in lesson planning, difficulties in communicating with children with health limitations, no methodological support or competence to develop it themselves. The author suggests arranging joint activity between the specialists in the field of correctional work (psychologists, speech-language pathologist, defectologists, tutors) and teachers, organizing methodological support in the educational institution to select techniques for working with children in the conditions of inclusion, tracking the dynamics of their development.

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the question of psychological and pedagogical support of children in sports. The three stages of psychological and pedagogical support are determined: 1) athlete selection using psychological-pedagogical means and mechanisms; 2) continuous support in the process of athletic training; 3) monitoring of changes of psychological-pedagogical characteristics. The authors examine the details peculiarities of the first stage – athletes selection; highlights the key psychological-pedagogical characteristics of an athlete that must be considered at that stage; neurodynamic, emotional, cognitive, personality orientation, and specificities of interpersonal skills of a child. The main trends in psychological and pedagogical support of athletically gifted children are determined: diagnostic, consultative, and monitoring. The authors come to the conclusion that psychological and pedagogical support of an athletically gifted child is a complex and multi-aspect process, implying the life-long side by side journey of a pedagogue-psychologist and an athlete. The fundamental goal of the modern Russian higher school consists in preparation of sport psychologists-tutors with all essential competences for supporting such children.

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the questions of comprehensive support of athletically gifted children, as well as raises the topics related to the ambiguity of interpretation of the phenomenon of giftedness in the scientific literature. Examination is conducted on the key trends in studying giftedness, such as factors of development of giftedness, structural-functional area, and procedural-genetic algorithm. The authors suggest comprehensive approach towards working with athletically gifted children, implying symbiosis of the three main directions: 1) diagnostic – aimed at determination and capturing the key indicators of physical, psychophysiological, psychological, social and other important characteristics of a child; 2) forming-corrective – a set of measures aimed at the formation of essential personality traits and parameters, their development and adjustments in accordance with the conditions and requirements of a particular type of sports activity; 2) proactive – aimed at timely prevention and identification of possible difficulties in training of athletes, as well as consideration of potential impact factors, risk zones, and “critical” moments. The analysis and classification of the existing scientific directions on studying giftedness is performed. The authors propose the original comprehensive approach towards working with athletically gifted children that includes three main directions: diagnostic, forming-corrective and proactive, which would allow coordinating the selection and psychological-pedagogical supports of children at all stages of their athletic training.  

Abstract: The subject of the study is a pilot mechanism of psychological and pedagogical support of students with limited health opportunities under the conditions of university training established by the author, which suggests multistage psychological and pedagogical support of a student with limited health opportunities, from school to graduation, and includes interaction with secondary schools on information cooperation and detection of students with limited health opportunities, control of their admission to university and creation of adaptive educational resources; creation of a health care center for medical support for students, creation of accessible social environment by inclusion of students with limited health opportunities in extracurricular activities, programs, events and etc., psychological and pedagogical work with students, aimed at formation of tolerance and acceptance; work with teachers through the organization of refresher courses on inclusive education. In this work the following principles of scientific and methodological approaches are used: systemic, activity-based, structural, personality-oriented. The methods of analysis and comparing, and also a modeling method are used. The key result of the research is the development of a complex mechanism of psychological and pedagogical support of students with limited health opportunities and its approbation in the system of higher education, which expands the psychological and pedagogical methodological base of education of students with limited health opportunities, deepens the understanding of inclusive education problems, through complex interaction between informational, medical, cultural, pedagogical, and educational university structures.

Abstract: The subject of the research is the inclusive education at secondary schools. The researchers carry out an empirical research aimed at analysing the opinion of teachers about difficulties that may be faced in the process of transfering to inclusive forms of education and up-bringing. The survey involved 87 teachers of five secondary school in Krasnoyarsk. The authors of this article presents the results of the research and discovers that difficulties faced by teachers in the course of inclusive education are caused by the deficit of professional skills, poor use of educational resources during lessons in mixed groups, and teachers being psychologically unready for innovations. The research has been carried out using the questionnaire-based survey. The authors wrote their own questionnaire 'Difficulties of Inclusive Education Faced by Teachers'. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the person-centered approach. The results of the research demonstrate certain difficulties faced by teachers in the course of inclusive education. These difficulties deal, first of all, with the deficit of professional skills, absence of a fccused policy from the side of the school authorities, poor use of educational resources during lessons in mixed groups, and teachers being psychologiclyl unready for innovations. The authors give recommendations for the school authorities and municipal units. These recommendations provide opportunity for all actors of the educational process to fully participate in teaching and up-bringing. For this purpose, it is necessary to review and prepare new educational resources of the educational process and to create new conditions for training inclusive education teachers. 
 

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the questions of inclusive education that are extremely topical at the current stage of social development. The authors examine the problems of inclusive education, which are classified into the general (communication, adaptation, professional training of pedagogues) and the specific characteristic for each particular pedagogical situation. Certain recommendations are given towards solution of the indicated issues: to establish an adaptive educational environment based on the multilevel model of all-round support of the students with health limitations in the process of university education that will include medical, pedagogical, psychological, social and other aspects; for solving certain private problems it is suggested to use the active role playing methods that are efficient communication tools and contribute to adaptation of the participants of educational process in the conditions of inclusive education. Methodological foundation incudes the tailored and activity approaches the allow viewing the inclusive environment as the system of relations of the participants of educational process.  The authors determine the following problems of inclusive education: general, fundamental and private common to each particular situation in the educational process. Among the general problems are highlighted the problems of communication, adaptation and professional training of the pedagogues. The recommended multilevel model of all-round support of the students with health limitations must include medical, psychological-pedagogical, development, recreational and cultural aspects, as well as the feedback and monitoring of the students’ achievements. The authors substantiate the purposefulness of implementation of the role interactive methods that allows increasing the effectiveness of the processes of communication, cognition, and socialization of the students.

Abstract: This article examines the key methodological approaches towards the research of social adaptation of individuals, as well as determines grounds for their classification. The author demonstrates the multiple theories of social adaptation are associated with the description of its static-theoretical or dynamic aspect that manifests as the characteristics of human activity. Study of the process of social adaptation suggests the motion towards examination of its dynamic features substantiated by the mental specificities of the subject of adaptation, as well as separate components and determinants that typify the distinction of adaptation phases and its stages. The article explains the pragmatist nature of social adaptation as a process in the course of which takes place the establishment and development of a human, his consciousness, self-awareness, self-control, and self-esteem; this results in the adjustment to external effects and inner condition, as well as various behavioral forms. The article applies the dialectic approach towards researching of social phenomena, method of analysis, classification, generalization, systemic and structural approaches. The author provides classification to the research on social adaptation: the first group concerns the examination of its static-theoretical aspect, while the second explores the dynamic aspect. It is defined that social adaptation is mediated by the process of establishment of a subject, level of development of consciousness and self-awareness of an individual, level of development of self-regulation processes, self-control, and self-esteem that leads to striking the balance between external and inner state alongside the various behavioral forms of a human.

Abstract: This article examines the problems of intolerance, nationalism, xenophobia, disadaptation, which require the development of special mechanism aimed at struggle against them. Tolerant relations alongside the process of sociocultural adaptation are presented as mutually conditioned phenomena, each of which determines the other, but has its own specificity. It is underlines that tolerance, comprehended in majority of scientific sources as an acceptance of otherness – is the adjustment to that other and its peculiarities, including the sociocultural norms, values, traditions, etc. Sociocultural adaptation suggests not just the passive acceptance and adjustment, but also the reciprocal activeness of the adaptable subject. Tolerance, in turn, defines the right of each individual to an equally full-fledged member of the cultural society to which he belongs to. The article proposes a mechanism for formation of tolerance and successful adaptation. The author determines the deep psychological causes of intolerance associated with the imperfections of cognizing by an individual of his distinctness as a person with certain flaws in upbringing, conservativeness of cultural norms, lack of understanding and miscommunication due to underdevelopment of intellect, and distorted perception of patriotism. The article also introduces the definition of tolerance and sociocultural adaptation, which implies the relation of two or more diverse cultures and their representatives, aimed at resolution of contradictions that emerged as a result of the clash of various cultural norms, and led to establishment of a new one – common to the conflicting parties. Tolerance is and adaptive attitude, associated with acknowledgement of the rights of other people despite their physical, physiological, and social differences.  

Abstract: The subject of this research is the process of social adaptation and methods of its examination within the educational environment. The author provides definition to the process of social adaptation as an active relationship of man and social environment aimed at resolving the emerging contradictions between them, which results it evolution and establishment of man as a social being. The article defines the structure of social adaptation, highlighting the three key components: adaptation resources, adaptive behavioral strategies, adaptedness (result of adaptation). The conclusion is made about the application of structural approach towards examination of the process of social adaptation as the study of peculiarities of each indicated component. The author underlines that the methodological frame of philosophical comprehension of social adaptation of personality in the context of education system can imply the understanding of such process in unity of its three key components – stages: adaptivity as combination of personal resources necessary and sufficient for solving the problem situation; adaptive strategy as a selection of trajectory for specific activity on solving the issue; and adaptedness as a result of adaptation that can be assessed in accordance with the objective (compliance with the requirements of social environment) and subjective (internal contentment) criteria.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the process of social adaptation and the underlying social contradictions, which are resolved by an individual during interaction with the society. The authors describe the developmental stages of contradiction that correspond with the developmental stages of adaptation cycle. Interacting with social environment, an individual faced the differences and discrepancies of his own peculiarities with the specificities and demands of the social environment. Detection of the external differences conduces a person to immerse into his inner world and look for the answers aimed at searching harmony with social ambiance namely within it. In other words, the external contradiction encourages the inner struggle of personality with itself, motivates to self-analysis, self-reflection, mental and physical activity in search for resolution of a problem. The article determines the stages of adaptation process that correspond with the developmental stages of contradiction, as well as formulates classification of contradictions, which includes the following: contradictions of objective character, associated with the incompletion of an action; contradiction that necessitates the choice of a new action; contradiction associated with insufficient maturity or absence of necessary resources for adaptation; and contradiction associated with completion of an action. A definition is provided of social adaptation as a relationship between personality and environment, aimed at resolution of the emerging contradictions between them.

Abstract: The subject of this article is the practical aspect of the process of social adaptation, associated with finding the control mechanism over such process under the specific life circumstances. The author examines the problems of adaptation of the first-year university students, as well as suggests a new approach towards studying of this process at each stage: activation, search, and result. The criteria of adaptedness as a result of adaptation process, which consist in the internal satisfaction of its outcome and socially approved motivational orientations of the subject of adaptation are being reviewed. The conclusion is made that the task of managing social adaptation is quite laborious, but can be realized in practice. For achieving productivity and increase in quality of education of the students, it is necessary to systematically, using the activity approach and its various aspects, examine the social adaptation process stage-by-stage. It is essential to understand how an individual resolves contradiction that lies in foundation of the adaptation process, as well as builds his relationship with the social environment. Due to this, it will be possible to selectively correct, direct, and improve the vector of his adaptation. In order to understand how an individual resolves contradiction and determine the key mental characteristics of the subject of adaptation can be realized by using the already development methods of research for identification of the existing and potential adaptive resources, specificity of adaptive strategies, and objective (environmental) and subjective (personal) assessments of the efficiency of adaptation.

Abstract:  
The subject of this research is the social adaptation of an individual, which is understood as a relation of a man with social environment aimed at resolving the emerging contradictions between them. The author raises a question about the methods of examining the social adaptation, as well as make a conclusion that the social process of adaptation must be studied in phases, and moreover, the stages of adaptation correspond with the stages of resolution of social contradictions by a person. Such “pointwise” reviews of this process allows effectively managing it under the certain circumstances of human life, affect the particular “problem zones”, as well as provide correctional and practical assistance. Conclusion is made that the application of methodological approach towards social adaptation, which allows “splitting” the adaptation process into stages and studying it in intervals, will contribute into determination of the adaptation difficulties at each period of the process that implies resolution of contradictions, which will help the efficiently manage the adaptation process in the particular life circumstances. That is when adaptation can be considered as an effective way of socialization of an individual. The article introduces the definition of adaptiveness as a state of content of an individual and society with the result of resolving the problem situation. The author highlights the criteria of a successful social adaptation: cognitive, axio-cultural, communicative, and behavioral. Cognitive criterion implies the ability of intellect to structure the information models of solutions adequate to each situation; axio-cultural means the ability to comprehend the norms and values of social environment; communicative consists in the knowledge to build relationship, achieve mutual understanding with other people and social groups; and behavioral is the orientation towards active overcoming of difficulties, readiness to the suggested by society types of activity under the conditions of self-expression of the individual abilities of a person.
 

Abstract: This article examines the main meanings of social adaptation in the historical context, as well as modern stage of development of a scientific thought. The authors demonstrate the contradictory nature of social adaptation and ambiguity of its interpretations, as well as establish the dependence of understanding of the meaning of social adaptation from a specific historical period. Adaptation as a process is viewed within the framework of three key scientific directions: natural scientific, psychological, and philosophical. The latter is revealed from the perspective of its interpretation as the interaction that forms between personality and social environment, and is aimed at resolution of the emerging contradictions between them. Social adaptation has dual nature, which manifests in interaction of the two beginnings: passive (adjustment of a person to social environment), and active (transformation, subordination of environment. The role of social adaptation in the process of evolution and establishment of a human in society is being revealed . It is demonstrated that by resolving the contradictions that actualize the adaptation process, human acquires the necessary experience that makes him a full member of society and successfully socialize within it. By the virtue of social adaptation, a human obtains capacity to such activeness, which allows finding the way for resolving the social contradictions, while preserving the own self-identity and considering the demands of social environment.

Abstract: The subject of the research is the relationshp between value systems and psychological adaptation mechanisms of students. The research involved 5-year students of the Siberian Federal University. The researchers have discovered that the state of psychological disadaptation causes students lose their focus on life values and reduces prospects for personal development. Maladjusted respondents were focused on their health (vital needs) and excluded from the cultural life ignoring meta values (learning and creative self-realisation). There were no significant differences between values of students with low and high levels of adaptability. However, the greater part of adapated students tend to choose 'professional and personal growth' as an important life value. The main research methods were psychological tests such as Rokeach Value Survey, Mental State Self-Assessment (after Hans Eysenk), and Depression Scale (adapted by G. Balashova). The results of the research prove that there is a relationship between value system and psychological adaptation mechanisms. In general, both groups of respondents (adapated and disadapted students) choose similar terminal values (health), however, there are significant differences in their choice of instrumental values. 

Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of the impact of school students' participation in volunteer teems (druzhinas) on the development of their personal traits (aggression and adaptability) that may serve as internal subjective factors to prevent or commit violations of law by school students. The article presents the results of the survey that involved school students aged 14 - 16 who study at School No. 11 named after A. Kulakov in Krasnoyarsk. Based on the results of the research, school students were divided into two groups: current members of druzhinas or those who are going to join a druzhina and students who are not interested in joining druzhinas. The authors describe results of tests for both groups and demonstrate that school students oriented at joining druzhinas are less aggressive and more adaptable. Thus, the authors conclude that druzhinas may be viewed as the mean of crime prevention in high school. The tests used by the authors of the article during their survey include Attitude to Volunteering Test (offered by the authors themselves), Roger's and Diamond's Social and Psychological Adaptation Inventory and Buss - Durkee Hostility Inventory. The results of the research prove the hypothesis that school students who participate in druzhinas have a higher level of adaptability and lower level of aggression. School students who are not members of druzhinas and not interested in joining volunteer teams are inclined towards physical aggression and disadaptation. The authors conclude that a positive attitude of school students towards participation in young volunteer teams make them develop 'positive' behavioral patterns approved by the society, school and law. This means that young volunteer groups can be viewed as the mean of crime or administrative offense prevention that will also contribute to the development of patriotism and patriotic education of school students. 
 

Abstract: This article demonstrates the differences between the two, quite similar at first sight, processes: socialization and adaptation. The similarity of these processes is discovered in their sociality, possibility of emergence and development only within the society and only among people. As in the socialization process, in the course of social adaptation there is an active adjustment, assimilation by the human of the social norms and requirements of this social environment. Moreover, a necessary criterion and result of the successful socialization, as well as the effective social adaptation, is self-development, self-realization, and self-actualization of identity in society. The differences take their roots in the nature, criteria, and functions of these processes. It is demonstrated that the essential distinction consists in the role played by social adaptation in the process of socialization of an individual, namely in its gradual subjectivation, alienation from the society. It is substantiated that social adaptation is a method of socialization of an individual, as specifically in the process of social adaptation a person attains the experience necessary for their establishment as a rightful and competent member of society.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the intolerance as a special form of interaction between people which manifests in various modification of non-acceptance of another. The author criticized the traditional definition of tolerance and suggests a new definition that implies the attitude towards “another” as an equal to yourself. Attention is focused on the fact that an intolerant attitude is primarily aggressive and conflict. The author determines several types of intolerant relations: insult, humiliation, expression of disregard; prejudice, ethnocentrism; harassment, intimidation, threats; racism, nationalism,, exploitation, fascism; xenophobia  in form of ethnophobia, migrant-phobia; segregation, repression, etc. The main causes of formation of the intolerant attitudes are being examined. The author gives a new definition of tolerance as a special form of relations “acceptance” among people, as well as detects the causes of the emergence of tolerance which are associated not only with the peculiarities of socialization and education of an individual, but also the inner psychological and physiological peculiarities of an individual. The role of the government in formation of the intolerant attitudes within the social environment is being demonstrated.

Abstract: The subject of the research is the problem of sociocultural integration and adaptation of migrants. It is noted that there is a variety of factors hindering successful adaptation of migrants and their actualization in a new cultural environment, however, one of these factors is the difficulty with interiorization of new values, standards and requirements. Axiological problems of migrants' sociocultural adaptation come to prominence as the problem of developing core values that determine the vector of individual's social activity and relate to the concept of what 'must be right' in different spheres of social life. The research methodology includes analysis and summary of scientific sources on the research matter, statistical analysis of data, and comparison method. The authors offer their own definition of sociocultural adaptation as the relationship between human and social environment aimed at solving contradictions arising between them. The authors conducted an analysis of existing axiological concepts and analyzed the structure and stages of the development of migrant's core values. It is shown that sociocultural activity creates values and attitudes that are based on differences in distribution and availability of nonmaterial and value-based benefits, levels of their consumption, nature and contents of cultural activity, and extent of activity of a subject with reference to his or her sociocultural interaction. The authors also provide a definition of tolerance.

Abstract: The authors of the present research suggest that we should view social adaptability as a specific relationship developed in the 'human-social environment' system but not as a feature of an object as it is traditionally defined. Based on the example of the education system, the authors analyze two conditions for developing adaptability: correspondence of goals, interests, traits of a student with targets of the education system; search for adequate methods of constructive information models for the purpose of building uncontroversial adaptive strategies that would be adequate to continuous changes in the social situation. This involves acquiring skills in processing information including contradictory information, and target-setting skills, determination and responsibiilty. The research article is based on the dialectical method and understanding human life-sustaining activity as a continuous chain of solutions of social and other contradictions. In addition, the authors have also used provisions of the systems and information approaches. They offer their definition of social adaptability as the relationship between personality and society aimed at solution of any contradictions that may appear between them. Social adaptability is viewed from the two points of view including the systems approach which allows to define criteria of social adaptability as correspondence of goals and targets of parties involved, and information approach connecting social adaptability with a student's intellectual ability to find fast solutions of difficult life situations.