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Development of a Program for Regulating the Psychological States of Karate Athletes aged 8-14 Years in the pre-competition Period of Preparation.

Rostovtseva Marina Viktorovna

Doctor of Philosophy

Professor, Siberian Federal University

660030, Russia, Krasnoyarskii Krai oblast', g. Krasnoyarsk, ul. Vil'skogo, 18a, kv. 58

marin-0880@mail.ru
Other publications by this author
 

 
Smirnaya Anastasiya Andreevna

PhD in Pedagogy

Associate Professor, Department of Psychology and Pedagogy, M.F. Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology

660049, Russia, g.Krasnoyarsk oblast', g. Krasnoyarsk, ul. Mira, 82

nastenasm@yandex.ru
Other publications by this author
 

 
Novopashina Larisa Aleksandrovna

PhD in Psychology

Associate Professor, Department of Human Resource Management, Siberian Federal University

660028, Russia, Krasnoyarsk oblast', g. Krasnoyarsk, ul. Svobodnyi, 79

nla@ippd.ru
Other publications by this author
 

 
Smirnova Anastasia Viktorovna

PhD in Pedagogy

Associate Professor, Department of English Philology, Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafyev

660060, Russia, g. Krasnoyarsk, ul. A. Lebedevoi, 89

anastasyavic@mail.ru
Other publications by this author
 

 
Ivanov Igor' Anatol'evich

Associate professor, Department of Social Sciences and History of Arts, Dmitri Hvorostovsky Siberian State Academy of Arts

660049, Russia, Krasnoyarsk, Lenin str., 42

ivanovia1967@mail.ru

DOI:

10.25136/2409-8701.2022.5.38786

EDN:

JKBCYL

Received:

17-09-2022


Published:

06-11-2022


Abstract: The subject of the work is the development and implementation of a program for the regulation of negative psychological states of karate athletes from 8 to 14 years old. The purpose of this study is to develop an effective program aimed at correcting the negative psychological states of karate athletes from 8 to 14 years old during preparation for competitive activities. In our work, we analyze the methods of psychological regulation of karate athletes from 8 to 14 years old during the preparation for competitive activity. In the teaching of the karate section, there are a number of problems associated with a decrease in the cognitive activity of students, with a decrease in the level of health culture, which is due to a number of factors: improper nutrition of athletes, bad habits (alcohol, smoking), a small amount of sports in life (the development of physical inactivity), workload in training, etc. These factors force teachers to look for new ways in teaching and educating students. In this work, the psychological states of karate athletes from 8 to 14 years old for competitions were studied. We have developed a program for regulating the psychological states of karate athletes from 8 to 14 years of age in the pre-competition period of training by organizing work with model situations in which athletes can detect psychological difficulties associated with motivation to achieve success, anxiety and stress, as well as together with the coach to find ways to resolve them, during which there will be an increase in motivation to achieve success and stress resistance and reducing the level of anxiety. In the course of the study, after testing the program, changes in the level of anxiety (its decrease) and motivation (its increase) occurred in 83.3% of respondents.


Keywords:

anxiety, motivation, sport, competitions, fear of failure, achieving success, program, coach, sportsman, training

This article is automatically translated.

Introduction. All over the world, the regulation of psychological states is recognized as one of the most socially useful and humanistic socio-cultural practices. Emotions are the basis of human activity, they determine the psychological state, which, in turn, affects the effectiveness and productivity of activities. The introduction of the basics of regulating psychological states into sports activities can be productive, both for the moral development of the individual and for building a career of an athlete and coach [1].

The relevance of the research topic is also due to the presence in Russia of children's sports institutions that are engaged in the professional training of athletes, but there is no proper psychological support, both the coaching staff and the team of athletes.

Since any child needs positive communication with a close adult in sufficient quantity for full development, whether it is a coach or a teacher, it is advisable to create a program for the development of coaches' skills in psychological regulation of the conditions of karate athletes in the pre-competition period of training [3]. First of all, we are talking about reducing the level of anxiety and increasing the motivation to achieve success in a child athlete.

To date, there have been a number of problems in teaching karate for children associated with an increase in the level of anxiety and a decrease in motivation to achieve success, which may be due to the workload of children at school, increased demands of teachers and parents [5; 6].

Anxiety is the most common condition in modern children. This is primarily due to the high and intense loads in the educational activities of the child, as well as the high competition of sports sections and children's centers among themselves. Of course, the coach does not just prepare the participant for competitions, but sets up to win them, which can not but worry a child of 8-9 years old, who at this age does not want to let an adult down [2].

The development of motivation to achieve success is closely related to the state of anxiety. Often the coach does not notice and does not know that motivating the child to win, he thereby increases his state of anxiety.

To date, many coaches do not have a significant arsenal of methods, technologies and tools to reduce the level of anxiety and increase motivation to achieve success in child athletes, which, in turn, can significantly affect the effectiveness of training and competitive processes, as well as the effectiveness of preparation for competitions [2; 4].

In this regard, we have undertaken a study aimed at studying the level of anxiety and the level of motivation to achieve success among karate athletes from 8 to 9 years old during preparation for competitive activities, and developing a psychological program to reduce the level of anxiety and increase motivation to achieve success.

The subject of the study is a program to reduce the level of anxiety and increase the level of motivation to achieve success in karate athletes from 8 to 9 years old.

Theoretical review. The analysis of literary sources devoted to the problem of psychological regulation of negative states of child athletes includes the works of D. Batson, A. Maslow, V.I. Morosanov, A.O. Prokhorov, A.B. Rubin and others. The authors' works consider the role of positive psychological states in the effectiveness of human activity.

The role of anxiety in the effectiveness of preparation for competitions in young athletes is studied by Yeganov A.V. with co-authors [2], who writes about the negative impact of anxiety on judo athletes; Nosov S.A. with co-authors [8], who conduct research on the effect of anxiety on the effectiveness of competitions and construct a model of psychological and pedagogical support of the training process of adolescents, etc. The influence of the level of motivation to achieve success among young athletes on the effectiveness of sports activities is studied by Gordeeva T.O. [9]; Kuntsev T.M.[6], Krupnov A.I.[10].

The issues of psychological training of athletes in various sports, including martial arts, are covered in the works of Russian and foreign scientists Weiner, E. N. [1], Krupnov, A. I. [10], Inagaki, K. [11].

Today, as experience and observations show, quite often the activity of a coach proceeds within the framework of subjective categories using outdated recommendations, without clear criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the training process conducted by them and without taking into account the fact that the successful implementation of sports training largely depends on proper control over the fitness of those involved. We adhere to the principles developed in scientific sources, according to which more attention should be paid to the programs of initial training of young athletes, methods of the pre-competition period, so as to motivate and guide the child to achieve success. This is stated by Kuznetsov V.V. [5], Kornilov V.M. [4], Ermolaeva S.I. [3].

Research methodology. The present study was conducted with 22 karate athletes aged from 8 to 9 years on the basis of the youth "Technical Design Center" in the city of Krasnoyarsk. All subjects are male. Training experience – three to four years. We have proposed a program aimed at organizing work with model situations in which karate athletes aged 8-9 years can detect psychological difficulties associated with motivation to achieve success and anxiety, as well as finding ways to resolve difficulties together with a coach, during which there will be an increase in motivation to achieve success and a decrease in anxiety [7; 8]. The diagnosis of psychological conditions in athletes was carried out using the A.A.Rean questionnaire "Motivation for success" (adaptation by N.V. Sosnovskikh), the Lavrentiev G. P. and Titarenko T. M. questionnaire to identify the level of anxiety.

The scientific novelty of the study is due to the fact that the proposed program to increase motivation to achieve success and reduce the level of anxiety in child athletes is based on exercises developed by the authors. We have proposed a program aimed at organizing work with model situations in which karate athletes of 8-9 years old can discover psychological difficulties themselves related to motivation to achieve success and anxiety, as well as to search together with the coach for ways to resolve difficulties, during which there will be an increase in motivation to achieve success and a decrease in anxiety.

Study. The study was conducted in three stages.

At the first stage, a ascertaining experiment was conducted to determine the level of psychological states in karate athletes aged 8-9 years.  

At the second stage, a formative experiment was conducted, which consisted in conducting special exercises to regulate the psychological states of karate athletes in the pre-competition period of preparation.

At the third stage, a control experiment was conducted to determine changes in the level of psychological states in karate athletes aged 8-9 years.

The respondents were divided into 2 groups of 11 people: control and experimental. As a result of the study, we obtained the following data presented in the diagrams (Figure 1, Figure 2).

Figures 1 and 2 show the diagnosis of the level of motivation to achieve success in karate athletes aged 8-9 years before the study in the control and experimental groups. Figure 1 shows that 66.6% (7 people) of the experimental group of subjects revealed an average level of motivation to achieve success; 33.4% (4 people) revealed a low level - they consider it important to avoid trouble and mistakes rather than try to achieve results in their activities. There were no athletes with a high level of motivation to achieve success in the group (0%).

 

 Figure 1 - The level of motivation to achieve success in the experimental group before the study

Figure 2 shows the diagnosis of the level of motivation to achieve success in karate athletes aged 8-9 years before the study in the control group.

The figure shows that 30% (3 people) of respondents have a low level of motivation, 70% (7 people) have a high level. There were no athletes with a high level of motivation to achieve success in the group (0%).

 Figure 2 - The level of motivation to achieve success in the control group before the studyFigure 3 shows the diagnosis of anxiety levels in karate athletes aged 8-9 years before the study in the experimental group.

The diagram shows that 58% have increased anxiety; 42% have an average level of anxiety. There were no athletes with a low level of anxiety in the group (0%).

 

 Figure 3 - Anxiety level in karate athletes aged 8-9 years before the study (experimental group)Figure 4 shows the diagnosis of anxiety levels in karate athletes aged 8-9 years before the study in the control group.

The diagram shows that 50% (5 people) have increased anxiety; and 50% (5 people) have an average level of anxiety. There were also no athletes with a low level of anxiety in the group (0%).

Figure 4. - Anxiety level in karate athletes aged 8-9 years before the study (control group)

 The forming experiment was conducted for 6 weeks, before training. Each lesson lasted 30 - 40 minutes. Specialists – psychologists of MBOU "Secondary school No. 12" of Krasnoyarsk were involved in conducting exercises and trainings of the program. After the study, changes occurred in 83.3%. We received the following results, presented in the diagrams (Figure 5, Figure 6).Figure 5 shows the dynamics of changes in the level of motivation to achieve success among karate athletes 8-9 years after conducting a formative experiment in an experimental group.

17% with an average level of motivation to achieve success and 83% with a high level were identified. Athletes with a low level of motivation to achieve success were not identified. The level of most athletes has increased.

 Figure 5 - Dynamics of changes in the level of motivation to achieve success among karate athletes from 8 to 9 years after conducting a formative experiment in an experimental groupThere were no significant changes in the level of motivation in the control group.

Only one child's motivation level decreased.

Also, after the study, the level of anxiety in the experimental group decreased. This can be seen in the following diagram (Fig.6). Seven out of 11 people have a low level of anxiety, 4 people have an average level. Athletes with a high level of anxiety were not identified.

 

Figure 6 – The level of anxiety in the athletes of the experimental group after the implementation of the program.

The level of anxiety in the athletes of the control group did not change significantly.

In order to determine the statistical significance of the differences in the results of the two diagnostics, we used the criterion ? 2.

Let's assume that testing a specially designed program has an effect on reducing anxiety and increasing motivation. For calculations based on criterion ? 2, we present the data obtained for the level of anxiety in the following form (see Table 1).

Table 1 – Calculation table (anxiety level) according to criterion ? 2 Factorial feature

Effective feature

The amount

The first slice

Second slice

High level of anxiety

5

0

5

Average level

6

4

10

Low level

0

7

7

Total

11

11

22

 

The number of degrees of freedom is 2. The value of the criterion ? 2 is 11.882. The critical value ? 2 at the significance level p= 0.01 is 9.21. The relationship between the factorial and effective signs is statistically significant at the significance level p<0.01. The significance level p=0.002.

The value obtained by us confirms the hypothesis of a connection between the effective testing of a specially developed program and a decrease in the level of anxiety.

For calculations based on criterion ? 2, we present the data obtained for the level of motivation in the following form (see Table 2).

Table 2 – Calculation table (motivation level) according to criterion ? 2 Factorial feature

Effective feature

The amount

The first slice

Second slice

High level of motivation

0

8

8

Average level

7

3

10

Low level

4

0

4

Total

11

11

22

The value of the criterion ? 2 is 12.132. The critical value ? 2 at the significance level p= 0.01 is 8.71. The relationship between the factorial and effective signs is statistically significant at the significance level p<0.01. The significance level p=0.001.

The value obtained by us confirms the hypothesis about the connection between the effective testing of a specially developed program and an increase in the level of motivation.

Thus, the results of primary and repeated diagnostics obtained by us in the experimental group show an increase in the level of motivation to achieve success among athletes and a decrease in the level of anxiety. This fact suggests that the program we have developed provides a reduction in anxiety and an increase in motivation to achieve success.

Program. In order to regulate the psychological states of athletes aged 8 to 9 years in the pre-competition period of preparation, a program was developed and implemented to work with model situations in which karate athletes aged 8-9 years can detect psychological difficulties associated with motivation to achieve success and anxiety, as well as together with the coach to find ways to resolve them.

The program itself is designed for 6 weeks.  

The following material was selected for her:

-sports mats, gloves, mouth guards;

- audio equipment;

- sheets of paper, pens, pencils, markers.

The experiment included 3 stages:

Stage 1. The introductory stage is "setting for victory".

Stage 2. Work with negative psychological states.

Stage 3. Psychological preparation for competitions. Generalization of the passed.

At each stage, karate athletes from 8 to 9 years old underwent various exercises and trainings aimed at changing psychological states in preparation for competitive activities.

Stage 1. The introductory stage is "setting for victory". (1-2 weeks)

At this stage, our task will be to make it clear to athletes that victory in sports cannot be achieved without the following components (psychological states): reducing the level of anxiety and motivation to achieve success.

A duel was played between two pre-trained athletes (not involved in this karate class), where one of them lost to the other, as he had an increased level of anxiety, lack of stress resistance and motivation to achieve success. After the match, the children were asked questions: "Why do you think he lost? What psychological states does he lack?".

Stage 2. Work with negative psychological states.(3-4 weeks)

At this stage, children were offered certain exercises to regulate psychological states.

Exercise No. 1. Musical accompaniment during traditional karate training as a way to increase the motivation of athletes to achieve success.

In traditional karate classes, we used musical accompaniment to increase the motivation of karate athletes aged 8-9 to achieve success. The training for karate athletes was conducted with musical accompaniment at the pace of "allegro".

After the training, a reflective discussion was organized with the participants on how the musical accompaniment helped them and whether it affected the performance of the training process. Most reacted positively to classes with musical accompaniment and reported that the desire to study has become much greater.

Exercise No. 2. Contact desensitization as a way to reduce the level of anxiety in karate athletes aged 8-9 years.

In traditional karate classes, at the beginning of the exercise, children were asked to make a list of individually unbearable situations in which they could get into. Situations were alternately modeled and solved by another child who did not have similar problems. Then the situation was worked out with the person to whom this problem belongs.  At the end of the training, a reflective discussion was held with the participants of the training.

During the discussion, the guys talked about reducing fear and anxiety after working out negative situations for them.

Exercise 3. "Me and stress"

Purpose: to help participants in understanding and verbalizing their ideas about stress, determining their attitude to this phenomenon.

Trainer's instructions. Coach: "Please draw a picture of Me and stress.

It can be made in any form — realistic, abstract, symbolic, artistic." The participants drew for 4-5 minutes. Then the coach asked questions that the participants answered independently (mentally), without writing down the answers on paper, without saying them out loud. After each question, the trainer gave the participants from 15 to 40 seconds to make changes and additions to the drawing.

Questions that the coach can ask.

Look carefully at your drawing.  Is color used in your drawing? See which colors (or which color) prevails in the drawing. What does this particular color mean to you? Where did you portray yourself? Mark yourself with the letter "I" in the picture. How did you portray stress? In the form of a living being, an abstract figure, a concrete person? See how much space your image takes up on the sheet and how much stress. Why? Have you used similar colors when depicting yourself and stress? Which ones? Mentally divide the sheet in half with horizontal and vertical lines. Where was your figure? Is there any barrier between you and stress in the drawing?

Discussion. After the participants answered the last question, the coach asked them to unite in subgroups of 4-5 people. As a rule, groups were created based on the principle of coincidence of any positions concerning the perception of the concept of "Stress", strategies and resources manifested in the drawings. In each formed group, those who wished could express their feelings, thoughts, etc., arising in the process of drawing. At the same time, the others listened, supplemented, expressed their point of view, asked questions, but did not criticize. Then each subgroup formulated several basic positions on which they would like to change something in their reactions to stressors. All participants returned to the circle. The coach invited those who wished to speak about the work done or about their feelings. Representatives from subgroups read out their lists. The trainer explained to the participants what problems it was possible to work on during the training.

3. stage.Psychological preparation for competitions.

Generalization of the passed. (5-6 weeks).

At this stage, the guys took part in the "Championship and championship of the city of Krasnoyarsk in all-round karate 2021".

The purpose of the competition:

  1. Identify a champion in an age, weight category or discipline and award him a medal of the appropriate level;
  2. Selection of the best athletes in the national team of the club, city, country;
  3. Preparation for the next, more responsible competitions;
  4. Identify errors and shortcomings in the preparation;
  5. To identify problems in the psychological preparation of an athlete;
  6. Identification of the athlete's special abilities;
  7. Maintaining interest in sports;

For that final stage of the program, we developed a short generalizing lecture course for athletes, which was read during the competition period.

Striving to become the best is a natural human need. The champion receives an award, for example, a medal and a certificate. His name is entered in the official protocol of the championship and published in the press and Internet resources. In this case, external motivation is included. It is pleasant to be a champion, so it is necessary to repeat this feeling – to become a champion.

Lower-level competitions are not only preparatory, but can also be qualifiers for higher-rank championships. Getting into the national team (club, region or country) is always prestigious and responsible. Moreover, even winning the qualifying tournament does not guarantee getting into the national team. It is still necessary to match the level of a major tournament.

Team selection is also an external motivation. "I trained well – I won the selection – I got into the national team."

Not all starts are of equal importance for athletes. Of course, I want to win everything, but there are no victories without defeats. Therefore, the main tournaments to be won are selected (no more than 2-3 per year). Exactly, we need to prepare for these tournaments. One of the ways to prepare is to participate in intermediate starts. Participation in such competitions is considered as training. It is here that new techniques, tactical schemes, etc. are tested. The athlete may not know that the start is intermediate, it is planned by the coach. A specific task is set before each match and its implementation is monitored. After the end of the tournament, a detailed analysis is made.

Defeat is a good material for analysis and conclusion. In addition, defeat not only hardens, but also stimulates to move forward. The coach must correctly approach the defeat of his ward. In the fight against a stronger opponent, shortcomings and mistakes are visible. And it's good that these errors were identified in time and there is time to fix them.

A typical situation is that an athlete is "burned out" or, conversely, too apathetic. You will not know how your ward should prepare for the start if you do not try to start in different conditions.

If physical readiness is visible and understandable before the start, then the psychological state of the athlete is not always. This is especially true for debutants. By carefully observing the athlete before the start of the competition, during the warm-up, at the beginning of the match, the coach can draw conclusions about the psychological characteristics of the ward.. Pre-start fever and initial apathy are two extreme conditions. The best condition before the start is called combat readiness. It is to this combat readiness that an athlete must strive.

Athletes have predictable victories, there are natural ones, there are unexpected ones, or sensational ones. The same can be said about defeats. It often happens that an unprepared athlete becomes a champion. The label "unprepared" is pasted on him by those who lost to him. He was just using his abilities that no one suspected..

Many athletes often lose interest in their sports activities. In sports, this is clearly manifested if the interest is lost in a capable and promising athlete. In this case, competitions act as external motivation. Having performed in low-level competitions and won there, the athlete is inspired to practice again. The coach selects the tournament level very carefully and carefully..

According to the results of our competitions, all participants of the study took prizes. This proves the effectiveness of our developed program for regulating the psychological states of karate athletes from 8 to 9 years old in the pre-competition period of training.

After the competition, a reflexive discussion was held with the athletes in the classroom, questions were asked whether the athletes were given to realize their training. Almost everyone agreed on the usefulness of the activities carried out, everyone pointed out the need for exercises and the introduction of all elements of the program in further professional activities

Conclusion. In this work, the level of anxiety and motivation to achieve success in karate athletes from 8 to 9 years old in control and experimental groups of 11 people were studied. It was revealed that in the experimental group, the majority had a high and average level of anxiety (58% had increased anxiety; 42% had an average level of anxiety; 66.6% (7 people) of the subjects in the experimental group had an average level of motivation to achieve success; 33.4% (4 people) had a low level.

We have developed a program for regulating the psychological states of karate athletes from 8 to 9 years old in the pre-competition period of training. The program itself was compiled in accordance with the principles according to which more attention should be paid to the methods of the pre-competition period, so as to motivate and guide the child to achieve success through independent, and then together with the coach, overcoming difficulties (Kuznetsov V.V., Kornilov V.M., Ermolaeva S.I.).

All exercises of the program are based on the principle of organizing work with model situations in which athletes can detect psychological difficulties associated with motivation to achieve success, anxiety, and also together with the coach to find ways to resolve them, during which there will be an increase in motivation to achieve success and a decrease in anxiety.

In the course of the study, after testing the program, changes in the level of anxiety (its decrease) and motivation (its increase) occurred in 83.3% of respondents. The results of primary and repeated diagnostics obtained by us in the experimental group show a significant increase in the level of motivation to achieve success among athletes and a decrease in the level of anxiety in the experimental group. This is confirmed by statistical processing of the results using the criterion ? 2.

This fact suggests that the program we have developed provides a reduction in anxiety and an increase in motivation to achieve success.

The results of the study and the developed program, which includes 3 stages: 1) The introductory stage is "setting for victory". 2) Work with negative psychological states. 3) Psychological preparation for competitions. Generalization of the passed; can be used in the educational and training process of karate, in institutions of additional education of children engaged in the preparation of sports reserve (youth sports school and sports school), in institutions of secondary and higher professional education engaged in professional training and advanced training of karate coaches.

 

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3. Ermolaeva, S.I. Influence of ecological and social factors on children's health: textbook / S.I. Ermolaeva.-Moscow, 2015.-124 p.
4. Kornilov, V.M. Teaching in sports universities: eternal issues and current trends / V.M. Kornilov// Anniversary collection of scientists' works. - 2018. - 181s.
5. Kuznetsov, V.V. Sport is the main factor of scientific knowledge of human reserve capabilities / V.V. Kuznetsov // Theory and practice of physical culture. 1979. No. 3. pp. 45-48.
6. Kuntsev T.M. Safety precautions in physical education lessons. Moscow, 2001. 53 p.
7. Melentyeva N.N. The value of autogenic training in regulating the anxiety level of skiers 10 years before the competition // Successes in the Humanities. 2019. No. 5. S. 63-70.
8. Nosov S.A., Solomchenko M.A., Aldoshin A.V., Gorbacheva O.A., Aldoshina E.A. model of psychological and pedagogical support of the training process of adolescents in martial arts at the stages of initial training // Modern scientist. 2022. No. 2. S. 102-108.
9. Gordeeva, T. O. Academic Motivation of Elementary School Children in Two Educational Approaches — Innovative and Traditional / T. O. Gordeeva, O. A. Sychev, D. V. Pshenichnuk, A. N. Sidneva // Psychology in Russia: State of the Art. 2018 Vol.
10. Krupnov, A. I. Sistem-Functional Model of Personality Traits / A. I. Krupnov, I. A. Novikova, Y. V. Kozhukhova // Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies. 2013. Vol. 2. No 3. P. 407-413.
11. Inagaki, K. Effects of object curiosity on exploration learning in young children / K. Inagaki // Psychological reports. 1978 Vol. 42(3). P. 899-908.
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The presented manuscript is devoted to the problems of training young athletes in karate sections. The relevance of the topic is undoubtedly due to the growing attention to the development of children's sports in modern social conditions. It is not possible to subject this text to constructive criticism based on traditional scientific criteria, since it generally does not fit into a scientific and analytical format. The presented manuscript resembles a fragment of the WRC of relatively high content quality, so this text could become, for example, part of a methodological manual. The main parameters of the discrepancy between the text and the format of an article for a scientific journal include the following. 1) The text completely lacks the theoretical part as such. In fact, the author simply lists the names of researchers who have dealt with such problems, while the minimal content of the theoretical part implies at least a listing of the aspects of the problem that each author has dealt with, at least several author's definitions and interpretations of the phenomenon under study, not to mention their comparison, analysis and discussion. 2) The text lacks specific methodological tools. The introduction is filled with general phrases about the importance of sports, while, for example, the relevance of regulating athletes of a particular age group is not justified. In general, the title of the article suggests a significant theoretical basis from age psychology, which is also missing. 3) There is no detailed classification of significant mental states in the text. The experimental part talks about motivation and anxiety. However, the concept of "mental state" is much broader. So we can say that the title was chosen unsuccessfully and does not accurately reflect the content of the work. An error was made in the header – a hyphen was omitted. 4) All the methods of work proposed by the author are presented exclusively in an abstract format. Scientific analysis involves a discussion about the strengths and weaknesses of certain methods, psychological and pedagogical conditions for their implementation, etc.. This approach to description is not observed in principle. The leitmotif in the article clearly traces the importance of sports and human physical development, which is undoubtedly, but in fact the problem is indicated, and not disclosed precisely in a scientific and analytical context. From the point of view of the formal presentation of the text, the material is made in the format of a report rather than a description typical of the magazine style. 5) As a conclusion, the effectiveness of the work carried out is stated, which is the level of the bachelor's thesis, but not the research in the publication from the List of the Higher Attestation Commission. There are no theoretical and methodological conclusions in principle. 6) There is no so-called discussion of the results of the study in the text, which involves highlighting its most significant aspects in comparison with other existing ones on this topic with the allocation of elements of scientific novelty on this basis. There is no information in the explicit abstract form on what exactly the presented program is better than similar ones. 7) The text contains gross violations of the norms of scientific style, in which it is not permissible: A) the use of figurative expressions: so instead of "Experience is the son of difficult mistakes," you need to write "Experience is achieved based on error analysis." B) The use of subjective emotional and evaluative expressions: instead of "the help of a psychologist would not hurt", you should write "it is advisable to seek help from a psychologist" C) So-called "slogan" formulations. "The task of an athlete is to train and win, the task of a parent is to help and not interfere, the task of a coach is to give results." – this should be excluded. D) The use of colloquial vocabulary: instead of "super ability" you need to write "extremely high level of ability", instead of "no" athlete" you need to write "non-competitive athlete". E) Sentences beginning with the official parts of speech "A ...", "And ....", "Only ....". This is typical of the conversational style. In general, short simple sentences clearly dominate over complex ones, which cannot be observed in a scientific text where judgments and conclusions are implemented by linguistic means. G) Elements of a literary text: "Victory is always pleasant, the medal shines equally, your last name is written on the diploma." - such passages should be excluded in principle, etc. etc. From a linguistic point of view, the text is filled with elements of journalism and everyday discourse - so it requires processing precisely in terms of formulations. 8) The list of references does not contain the names of those authors who are indicated in the text of the work and vice versa. Conclusion: the presented text, despite its methodically significant content, in this form cannot be published in a peer-reviewed publication for reasons of fundamental inconsistency with generally accepted standards for writing scientific articles. The text requires a complete revision to bring it into a scientific norm, according to the parameters specified in the review. It is recommended to reject the manuscript.

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The article presents material on the development of a psychological program to reduce anxiety and increase motivation to achieve success among karate athletes aged 8-9 years in the pre-competition period of training. Psychological culture is important for achieving results. The author correctly writes in the introduction that "all over the world, the regulation of psychological states is recognized as one of the most socially useful and humanistic socio-cultural practices." It is noted that the relevance of the research topic is also due to the presence of sports institutions in Russia that are engaged in the professional training of athletes, however, there is no proper psychological support, both for the coaching staff and the team of athletes. We can also agree with this. We can only add that the psychological preparation of athletes is the task of coaches. A coach is more useful than a psychologist. But when it comes to the results of higher achievements, then, yes, a sports psychologist is needed. But in this regard, the question arises, why did the author not formulate a definition of scientific novelty and justify it? A flaw. Methodologically, the article is provided as a whole. It is noted, for example, that both domestic and foreign researchers dealt with issues of psychological regulation in sports. But the author does not provide any specific theories, concepts, or at least principles in this regard. This is a flaw that needs to be improved. The author writes that "in our work, we analyze the methods of psychological regulation of karate athletes from 8 to 9 years old in preparation for competitive activities." At the same time, the aim of the study "is to develop an effective program aimed at correcting the negative psychological states of karate athletes from 8 to 9 years old during preparation for competitive activities." The contradiction is obvious. It must be eliminated. Moreover, there are no differences between the formulations of the purpose of the study and its subject. The subject is formulated incorrectly. If the goal of the study is "to develop an effective program...", how was the effectiveness measured? The text does not say anything about efficiency. The style of presentation of the text is scientific and research. The author skillfully uses literary data, analyzes them, and, if necessary, makes appropriate conclusions. The logical sequence of the presentation of the obtained data is traced. Although there are some comments on the structure of the work. Thus, the structure of the text does not meet the generally accepted requirements for the logic and sequence of presentation of the material. The research methodology is also not shown. It is simply stated that "the study was conducted with 22 karate athletes aged 8 to 9 years on the basis of the youth "Technical Design Center" in the city of Krasnoyarsk," etc. So, everything that the author has outlined regarding the organization and methods of research should be highlighted. This is the technique. According to the content of the work, it is clear that the research was carried out in three stages: before the program, the program itself and after it. The data obtained on anxiety and motivation of children to achieve are presented. So, at the first stage, "66.6% revealed an average level - motivation is not expressed to a large extent; 33.4%) revealed a low level - motivation to fail: considers it important for themselves to avoid trouble and mistakes rather than try to achieve results in their activities. There were no athletes with a high level of motivation to achieve success in the group (0%)." This is a quote and it shows that the meaning of such a simple statement is difficult to perceive, or rather, it is generally incomprehensible. Why did the author decide that a low level of motivation is motivation to fail? Everything that is presented according to the results of the study must be carefully edited in meaning. And the general meaning is that the proposed program helps to reduce anxiety and increase motivation indicators. The indicators themselves are not given. Only percentages are indicated. Then why does the author refer to the reliability indicators (t)? It is noted that in order to determine the statistical significance of the differences in the results of the two diagnoses, we used the Student's t-test for related populations. This criterion can be written and talked about only when quantitative indicators are given. First the indicators, then the t–criterion. That's the only way. Otherwise, completely incomprehensible and inappropriate fragments of text arise, such as: "the null hypothesis (But) states that there are no statistically significant differences between the data obtained from the initial and final diagnostics. H1 is an alternative hypothesis about the significance of differences, which reflects the presence of statistically significant differences between the results of the two diagnoses, i.e. the effect on the level of motivation to achieve success and anxiety is productive if an exercise program is used. The arithmetic mean of the indicator differences is 29. The mean square deviation of the indicator differences is 15.1. The Student's paired t-criterion is 5.08. The number of degrees of freedom (f) is 6. Next, we determine the significance level of p from the table of critical t-Student values. It will be equal to 0.01. The critical value of the Student's t-criterion for a given number of degrees of freedom and a significance level of p = 0.01 is 3.707. The criterion we obtained is strictly greater than the tabular critical value (t-score > t-crit), thus we can conclude that the changes in the trait are statistically significant. The null hypothesis is rejected." What's it? What is it about? The description of the program should be justified. References to the research methodology are needed. Otherwise, the program raises some questions, as it is divorced from the developments and achievements of other authors. The text is about stress tolerance. Has the author studied stress tolerance? Or in what context is it being discussed? An explanation is needed. There are no conclusions. The conclusion is shown in the form of a brief formal report on the work done: "The results of the study and the developed program, which includes 3 stages: 1) The introductory stage is "setting for victory". 2) Work with negative psychological conditions. 3) Psychological preparation for competitions." This is a scientific article and the conclusion should briefly reflect the results of the actual research in essence. The bibliographic list includes non-scientific sources (No. 2,3). It is necessary to supplement the sources on the research topic.

Third Peer Review

Peer reviewers' evaluations remain confidential and are not disclosed to the public. Only external reviews, authorized for publication by the article's author(s), are made public. Typically, these final reviews are conducted after the manuscript's revision. Adhering to our double-blind review policy, the reviewer's identity is kept confidential.
The list of publisher reviewers can be found here.

The paper "Development of a psychological program to reduce anxiety and increase motivation to achieve success among karate athletes aged 8-9 years in the pre-competition period of training" is presented for review. The author chose as the purpose of the study the study of the level of anxiety and the level of motivation to achieve success among karate athletes from 8-9 years old during preparation for competitive activities, as well as the development of a psychological program. The subject is a program to reduce the level of anxiety and increase the level of motivation to achieve success among karate athletes from 8-9 years old. The advantage of the work is that: 1). The author's research program has been developed, which has been tested. At the ascertaining stage, 22 respondents took part, who were divided into control and experimental groups. It showed the presence of high and medium levels of anxiety and a low level of motivation to achieve success. The approbation of the developed program made it possible to note the presence of a positive shift, which was confirmed by statistical processing of the results using the criterion ?2. 2). The advantage of the conducted research is the developed program designed for 6 weeks. The author defines a logically constructed formative strategy: the mindset to win – work with negative psychological conditions – psychological preparation for competitions. Each of the stages has its own tasks and ways to achieve the set goal. 3). The work has a clear structure, in which it stands out: an introduction with the designation of issues and relevance; a theoretical review, research, program. The scientific novelty and the author's contribution to the solution of the problem are indicated. In conclusion, structured and reasoned conclusions are presented, and practical significance is indicated. The results of the study are presented in the form of graphs and clearly substantiate the results obtained. The work is very interesting and significant, both for scientists and practitioners. The results obtained are of practical undoubted significance. The main recommendations are as follows: 1). To make a more complete theoretical review and analysis of the problem raised, focusing on modern research. These provisions are not critical, they are recommendations. Their consideration during revision will make it possible to submit a complete scientific work to the editorial board. Remarks: 1). The bibliography of the article includes 13 domestic and foreign sources, a small part of which has been published in the last three years. The problems of the work correspond to the subject of the article. The bibliography contains mainly scientific articles, but there are also textbooks. There are a significant number of inaccuracies in the design of the list (for example, number 3, etc.). Therefore, it is necessary to finalize the bibliography strictly in accordance with the Rules for Registration of literature 2022, posted in the section Rules for registration of the list of references. 2). There are a significant number of technical flaws in the work (large font, highlighting, different size of drawings, lack of signatures of some drawings, etc.), needs to be finalized. The article is relevant from a theoretical point of view and has an undoubted practical value. The work may be recommended for publication despite several comments.