Abstract: The subject of this research is the question of recognition of the norms of Soviet law by the courts of Capitalist states in civil litigation of Soviet citizens and organizations with foreign citizens and legal entities. It summarizes certain results of historical struggle between the “Socialist” state for recognition of equality of the Soviet system in the international arena. Its key success was the recognition of the the “general international law”, in accordance with which the trade agreements of the country could be formalized with foreign capital. The article demonstrates how with the growth of the power and influence of the Soviet state on the international arena and its recognition by the Capitalist nations, the Western countries changed their stance on the Soviet legislation – from ignoring and perverting it, to its recognition and application in the practice of judicial branches.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the question of recognition of the norms of Soviet law by the courts of Capitalist states in civil litigation of Soviet citizens and organizations with foreign citizens and legal entities. It summarizes certain results of historical struggle between the “Socialist” state for recognition of equality of the Soviet system in the international arena. Its key success was the recognition of the the “general international law”, in accordance with which the trade agreements of the country could be formalized with foreign capital. The article demonstrates how with the growth of the power and influence of the Soviet state on the international arena and its recognition by the Capitalist nations, the Western countries changed their stance on the Soviet legislation – from ignoring and perverting it, to its recognition and application in the practice of judicial branches.

Abstract: The article considers Russia’s participation in the Genoa Conference in 1922 that was some sort of result of five-years’ activity of the Soviet Diplomacy. The research object is the fierce debate about the economic policy of the Bolsheviks, who had initiated a “socialist” experiment in the country, which was getting out from wars and revolutions. The main attention is given to the problem of debt obligations of the czarist and the interim governments, which had been abrogated by the Soviet power. The authors demonstrate how Soviet diplomats defended Russia’s position on this issue in a fierce debate. The authors study the set of historical and legal facts and evaluate them on the basis of the achievements of Russian and foreign historiography. The authors come to positive conclusions about the achievements and losses of Soviet diplomacy in the struggle for the recognition of new Russia by capitalist countries and for the establishment of trade and diplomatic relations with them. The authors estimate the separate treaty with Germany, which helped break diplomatic isolation of Russia. 

Abstract: The Ukrainian default, which violated the debt obligations concerning Russia, revived the issue regarding the debt cancellation of the imperial and provisional by the Soviet authorities. The article explores the position maintained by Soviet Russia in this regard at the Genoa international conference in April-May of 1922. The object of this research is the discussion pertaining to the economic policy of the Bolsheviks, who came to power in the October of 1917, and entered upon the “socialistic” experiment in the country, which was withdrawing from the war and revolutions. The author examines the combination of historical and legal facts, as well as applies the method of their scientific assessment based on the achievements of the Russian and foreign historiography. The conclusion is made about the development of the original policy orientation of the Soviet government aimed at establishment of the equal friendly relations with the capitalist countries. The author notes the effort of the Soviet diplomacy regarding the cancellation of Russia’s debts ad recognition of the new Russian government by Germany and other Western countries – nations of the Triple Entente.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the process of establishment in the Soviet Russia of the diplomatic and consular law. The author thoroughly examines such aspects of the topic as setting the foreign policy tasks, organization of foreign policy department, ranks, functions, rights and privileges of the diplomatic representatives; it is demonstrated how the new Russian embassies and missions were establishing overseas. One of the storylines became the history of the Russian consular law and the Soviet consular practice. Special attention is given to the legislative base, which regulates the organization of consulates of the foreign states in new Russia. The Soviet State from the first steps has been forming friendly relations with the surrounding world, and developed its own political line on the international arena. Russian legislation and the early diplomatic practice became one of the most important basis for recognition the new Russia (USSR) by the foreign nations, as well as for the establishment of the economic and diplomatic relationships between them.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the process of establishment of the Soviet State economic policy during the period of 1920-1930. The author thoroughly examines the legislation on commercial enterprises as the protectors of economic interests of Russia abroad, as well as the consolidation of their status in the international treaties. The author gives characteristic to the new economic policy and concessions as means of attracting the foreign capital into the country. A special attention is given to the fight of the Soviet State for implementation of foreign trade monopolies as one of the ways to preserve the Soviet regime. An objective analysis of the legal acts, international agreements, as well as other diplomatic documents, allowed the author to propose his own unique conception of events associated with the development by the Soviet government of the economic line on the international arena. It became the embodiment of the “socialistic” reforms program in Russia with all characteristic to it positive and negative aspects.  This article creates a close to the objective truth image of historical reality.

Abstract: The article investigates the first steps of the Soviet government in the solution of one of the main problem for Russia - an exit from imperialistic First World War. Fight for a withdrawal from a war was the beginning of the fight for recognition of the Soviet state of the world community.

Abstract: The article concerns the policy of the Soviet government towards the participants of the White movement and the political emigrants in 1920s-1930s. The author studied the processes of restoration of the Russian citizenship and return of the emigrants to their Motherland. The Soviet government used various means to fight ideological opponents and counterrevolution, but it allowed the amnesty for all the former Russian citizens, who have not committed grievous crimes against it, allowing them to return to their Motherland or to restore their Russian (Soviet) citizenship.  The author showed the process of cooperation between the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs and the Supreme Commissioner of the League of Nations Fridtjof  Nansen on the issues of refugees and repatriations of the "Russian refugees". The author expresses an original (for the modern attitudes) point of view on the problem of "philosophical ship" of 1922. Based upon the combination of historical and legal facts with the use of the scientific evaluation method and based upon the achievements of Russian and foreign historiography, the author attempted to form a picture of historic reality, which is very close to the objective truth.  The legislation of the RSFSR (SSSR) on the issue of citizenship of the "former Russian nationals" in 1920s- 1930s was defined by the revolutionary events in Russia, as well as consequences of the World War and the Civil War.  The policy of the Soviet Government was aimed at fighting counter-revolutionary organizations, who continued anti-Soviet activities and wished to return the property, that they have lost.  It was only towards such persons and entities that the government actively used limitation and deprivation of citizenship rights in order to support its position and to protect itself from external and internal enemies.  But the Soviet state took every effort to keep the citizenship for the Russians, who were willing to take part in the formation of a new society and a new state without exploitation and oppression.

Abstract: The article based upon the documentary data, diplomatic correspondence and memoirs of German and Soviet diplomats provides the study of revival of the Russian-German diplomatic relations after the 1st World War.  It is centered upon the activities and position of the Head of the German delegation at the Versailles Peace Conference and the first  Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the new Germany in the Soviet Russia - Count Ulrich von Brockdorff Rantzau. He was the one who formed the friendly course of German diplomacy towards Russia (USSR), as provided in the Consular Convention and the Trade Treaties of 1925 and 1926, the Treaty of Alliance between Russia and Germany. The author offers his somewhat original concept of hte events regarding the formation of the relations between Russia and Germany, the policy of the Bolsheviks, who either sold off to German or saved Russia from falling apart and the pieces of its territory being taken away by the imperialist lands. The author shows the process of overcoming the prejudice against the Soviet Bolshevik Russia by the German diplomats.  It was supported by the procedure of Versailles Peace Treaty developed by the victorious Entente states , which was derogatory for the losing parties.  The relations supported by the 1922 Treaty of Rapallo.

Abstract: The article contains analysis of legal status of foreigners in the Soviet Russia in 1920s - 1930s. The author provides analysis of domestic legislation, international treaties and special literature, as well as of Russian and foreign archives.  The author then studies the general legal status of foreign citizens and some specific categories, such as workers and peasants, intellectuals (doctors, teachers, engineers, etc.). The author establishes the fact that in the RSFSR the foreign citizens had a wide scope rights, including political rights, such as electoral rights, civil rights, including proprietary, family and marital, labor relations, right to judicial protection. The author also studied special status of the German citizens in the USSR according to the treaty law, regime of their stay, order for entering and leaving the RSFSR and USSR for the foreign and Soviet citizens, the procedure of acquiry of the Soviet citizenship by the foreign nationals.  The author also studies the novelties in the law on citizenship of 1938. The author then makes a conclusion that there was a national regime for the foreigners in Russia at the said period of time. It is reflect in almost full equality in rights provided to the foreigners residing in its territory "for labor purposes" and the citizens themselves. 

Abstract: The article contains analysis of legal status of foreigners in the Soviet Russia in 1920s - 1930s. The author provides analysis of domestic legislation, international treaties and special literature, as well as of Russian and foreign archives. The author then studies the general legal status of foreign citizens and some specific categories, such as workers and peasants, intellectuals (doctors, teachers, engineers, etc.). The author establishes the fact that in the RSFSR the foreign citizens had a wide scope rights, including political rights, such as electoral rights, civil rights, including proprietary, family and marital, labor relations, right to judicial protection. The author also studied special status of the German citizens in the USSR according to the treaty law, regime of their stay, order for entering and leaving the RSFSR and USSR for the foreign and Soviet citizens, the procedure of acquiry of the Soviet citizenship by the foreign nationals. The author also studies the novelties in the law on citizenship of 1938. The author then makes a conclusion that there was a national regime for the foreigners in Russia at the said period of time. It is reflect in almost full equality in rights provided to the foreigners residing in its territory "for labor purposes" and the citizens themselves. 

Abstract: The article investigates the policy of the Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic (RSFSR) in the relation of Latvian state in the first half of the 1920th. Contracts which regulated the process of recognition process of independence of Latvia, background and conditions of the Latvian-Russian relations, the main thing from which was Russian-German opposition, were studied. Conclusions about the policy answering to the general principles of international law, to geopolitical interests of the Russian state and to the interests of the Latvian people and state on the threshold of the future new world war have been made.Keywords: Latvia, Russia, Germany, Soviet power, background, agreement, conditions, recognition, independence, relation.