Abstract: The authors analyze the meaning of didactics as the paramount branch of the modern scientific-pedagogical knowledge, which is called to determine and solve the existing problems of modern education system. It is substantiated that in formation of the basic concept of the content of education it is necessary to rely upon the requirements of the corresponding branch, for which a specialist is being prepared for in the higher educational establishment. The article briefly reviews the modern approaches to the question of didactic content of general disciplines taught in the higher education establishment in the context of formation of competences aimed at development of the professional skills and knowledge. The author conducts a pedagogical experiment for validating the efficiency of the proposed methodology of developing the practice-oriented didactic supply of mathematical course for the future specialists of agricultural sector. The results demonstrated that the implementation of the professionally oriented didactic support of mathematical course can certainly have a positive effect on the improvement of education quality and more successful formation of the professional competencies of agronomic majors. The experiment revealed the promising methodical opportunities for further improvement of the quality of educational process aimed at preparing modern specialists, whose level of competencies fully meets the expectations of the potential employer and the demands of job market.

Keywords: educational programs, professional activity, professional competencies, method of preparation, pedagogical experiment, practice-oriented approach, didactic content, education system, didactics, quality monitoring

Abstract: The subject of this research is the group education. Separation of students into groups based on the rare of learning challenges the educator with a choice of the tempo of teaching. Faster rate of resenting the curriculum than the individual’s ability to process it leads to some gaps in retention of information. The level of information loss depends on both, the speed at which the material is presented, as well as the type of the academic discipline. The article sets out to determine the optimal speed for teaching of group education. It is demonstrated that the optimal index of rate of presentation of information is not fixed; it depends on the type of allocation of ability to retain knowledge, the spread of students in the group based on the rate of learning, as well as the index of minimal rate of information retention. The greater the spread of rate of information retention in the group and the lower the index of learning of the weakest student, the closer to the median index of speed of information retention is the optimal rate of delivery of the learning material; while the lower the spread and higher the rate of information retention of the weakest student, the greater the rate of delivery of the material must cover the students, attempting to fully cover all students within group.

Keywords: mathematical modeling, optimization, speed of teaching, spread within the group, group education, individual characteristics, learning rate, learning ability, normal distribution, equal distribution

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the question of formation of the speech competencies of students who study Russian as foreign language in the foreign college. The author examines the key problems in formation of the language skills, as well as suggests the methodologies that encourage the development of foreign speech skills formulated in the department of Russian Language and Literature in the Turkish college. Attention is given to the specificity of presentation of material for the Turkish students substantiated by the peculiarities of mentality and culture. The article provides the methodologies that allow enhancing the mechanisms responsible for speech activity in the Russian language outside the language environment. With the help of survey among the students studying the Russian language as foreign outside the language environment, the authors determined the principal difficulties in formation of the speech skills. The conclusion is made that the methodology of teaching Russian language as foreign must carry an ethno-specific orientation. In such education process, the efficiency of pedagogical activity can depend on the specificity of establishment of motivation among the Turkish students, as well as peculiarities of interpersonal communication within the class, organization of self-control and independent work, as well as priority of verbal communication over the formation of writing skills.

Keywords: Russian as foreign language, motivation, Turkey, teaching, competences, language skills, Russian language, mentality, communication, speaking skills

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the question of evaluation of didactical difficulty of the educational text. The author introduces the notion of didactical difficulty as the characteristic proportional to time that is required for digestion of information presented in the text. The universal criteria of evaluation of difficulty of the notions on various natural scientific disciplines are being proposed. It is substantiated that didactical difficulty of the studied in school questions is defined by the diversity and abstractness of the qualitative and mathematical models. The author analyzes the modern textbooks on environmental studies, geography, biology, physics, and chemistry, as well as performs their pairwise comparison with each other. The article examines the two methods of determination of the didactical difficulty of educational texts: 1) through calculation of the number of scientific terms and consideration of their difficulty using the computer; 2) by means of pairwise comparison of various texts with each other. The scientific novelty consists in proposition of the criteria of assessment of the didactical difficulty of scientific notions, as well as analysis of the results of expert evaluation of the textbooks from the perspective of difficulty of the qualitative and quantitative models.

Keywords: notion, complexity, text, pairwise comparisons, content analysis, textbook, didactics, thesaurus, mathematical methods, abstractness

Abstract: The subject of this research is a computer model of a student based on the following hypotheses: 1) in the course of studying the student acquires new knowledge, and the unsubstantiated knowledge transforms into substantiated; 2) the efforts applied by a student depend on the disparity between the requirement of the teacher and the knowledge of the student; 3) with increase in speed of presentation of new material, the coefficient of the transfer rate in the “teacher-student” communication channel decreases. The article examines the methodology that consists in splitting the theoretical and practical material into several parts and their alternation. The scientific novelty lies in the following: 1) the author suggests the new computer model of a student that takes into account the transformation of the surface knowledge into deep knowledge, and the nonlinear dependencies of a student from the teacher, and the coefficient of the transfer rate of communication channel from the speed of presentation of new material; 2) by the means of imitation modelling it is demonstrated that the alternate studying of theory and practice leads to a greater result.

Keywords: didactics, training, modelling, simulation, pupil, teacher, technique, computer program, theory of training, assimilation of knowledge

Abstract: The object of research in this article is the English and Spanish languages systems. The matter under study is influence of their peculiarities on learning them. Considerable author's attention is paid to the problem of teaching foreign languages different from English and to the demand on Spanish in education services market. Didactic peculiarities and difficulties of teaching pronunciation, lexis and grammar of the languages under study are deeply analyzed as well as principal factors of language structure influencing teacher's work.The method of research in this article is comparative analysis of English and Spanish phonetics, lexis and grammar applied to learning them as well as analysis of author's own experience in teaching these languages to students and difficulties that emerged in this process.The principal author's conclusions are the following statements. 1) Questions of teaching languages different from English are not enough viewed in Methodology as nowadays English is mainly taught as a foreign language. 2) As the number of English speakers is increasing there is growing demand on other international languages, particularly on Spanish. 3) English and Spanish have a lot in common but much more differences in phonetics, lexis and grammar. 4) These differences influence not only the run of a definite class, but also organizing a course on the whole. The novelty of the article consists in revealing the influence of linguistic foreign languages characteristics on learning and teaching them.

Keywords: pronunciation, grammar, lexis, phonetics, Methodology, Spanish, English, course, teacher, learning

Abstract: Teaching methods that may be applied to students with a high level of competence in English are rather understudied in our language education theory and practice. The main cause of that is that people who speak good English prefer to increase their knowledge and skills through independent language training including trips abroad rather than to take lessons with a professional teacher. In the present article Flerov describes peculiarities of teaching English to advanced students. These peculiarities create both advantages and disadvantages for a teacher from the point of view of academic organization and management. Special attention is paid to the criteria of linguistic competence as well as student motivation as the main factor of success. The main research methods used by Flerov include description and analysis of particular aspects of the teaching process. It is a difficult pedagogical task to teach English to students who already know the language well. The main distinguished feature is that instead of forming linguistic skills and knowledge a teacher needs to develop those. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the researcher studies the topic which lacks conceptual grounds in Russian linguodidactics and this is why a teacher usually has to rely on his own experience. The novelty of the research is also caused by the comprehensive approach to the topic which involves the main aspects of the teaching process described by the researcher, in particular, motivation, curriculum and teaching methods. Special focus is made on the importance of using authentic materials in class (today the main source of such authentic materials is the Internet) and interactive teaching activities using the communicative method of teaching a foreign language.

Keywords: curriculum, student motivation, communicative competence, criteria, level, linguistic skills, competence in the language, linguodidactics (language education), Internet, interactive lessons, authentic materials

Abstract: Different elements of the educational material have different importance for learning the following topics and passing the final tests. By using the method of expert evaluation, it is possible to define how important this or that element is. The subject of the present research is the process of learning a sequence of topics of different importance. Some important topics require more time to be learnt while other topic that are not important should be even ignored. The present article is devoted to the problem of optimization of time required to learn particular elements of educational material of different importance in order to achieve the best learning efficiency. To achieve the aforesaid objectives, the author has used the methods of systems analysis, mathematical and computer simulation, algorithmization adn programming. The scientific novelty of the research is caused by the following: 1) for the first time in the academic literature the author raises the problem of optimization of time required to learn educational material of different importance; 2) the author has carried out a number of simulation experiments to define the best time distribution in the process of learning topics of difference importance; 3) based on the results, the author describes the rules for the best time distribution and efficient learning of topics of different importance. 

Keywords: didactic method, learning theory, computer simulation, optimization, didactic system, educational material, time required to learn the material, cybernetics, learning efficiency, mathematical methods

Abstract: The article analyzes the philosophical, theoretical and historical basis of the concept of personal humane pedagogy in the national philosophy of education. The author considers the basic parameters and characteristics of “humane studies” tendency and proposes a theoretical evaluation of its main principles and methods of reasoning. The article presents a critical look at the nature, character, and interaction between the various components of the spiritual life of society. The author determines the morality and ethics, outlines the conditions of their irreducibility to religiosity. On the example of the monograph “In Search of a New Methodology of Education: Past, Present, Forecasts” by Birich I.A. and Panchenko O.G. the author gives variations of incorrect generalizations and conclusions on the spiritual (especially moral) education in the principles of humane pedagogy. The article highlights the terms whose meanings were arbitrary interpreted, allowing to use them as a basis for subjective conclusion. The author shows the circumstances relating to the possible humanitarian catastrophe with progressive.

Keywords: pedagogy, humanism, morality, moral, philosophy, spirituality, teaching, upbringing, education

Abstract: In the article on the basis of approach of the systems, comparative and semiotics analysis, wide circle of sources - artistic texts of 1960-1980th the features of artistic representations of profession of teacher come to light in a soviet mass art. In artistic representations the features of profession of teacher come to light in the aspect of her value for welfare, in a dynamics from time «thaw» to «seventieth». Images presented the profession of teacher in two discursis: ideological and everyday. The transitional type of soviet society, his difficult structure, subject of culture, is a man of different axiology types, gender feature of pedagogical labour was reflected in artistic representations of profession of teacher. Finally, in characters of teacher reflected deep senses of soviet culture: displacement valued orientations societies from socialistic to the traditional values and values of mass society of consumption, disparity ideological and everyday discursis about final and instrumental values, explaining activity of majority of subjects of culture.

Keywords: cultural research, value, profession, teacher, Soviet, culture, mass (popular), art, art related, representation