Abstract: This article explores the problem of freedom in its social context through the prism of N. N. Alekseev's legal theory – one of the founders of Eurasian philosophy and political science. Out of all Eurasians, he is the most considerable contributor to the development of legal matters. The Eurasian theory of state and law is a unique and highly demanded legal theory. This work focused on the typology of legal relations, rather than the theory as a whole. Such typology gives a new perspective on the problem of freedom in its connection with the value of solidarity; it allows revealing the concept of positive freedom as a balance between rights and responsibilities. If such a balance is achieved, personal freedom becomes the condition for the unity of society, and the unity of society is ensured through protection of personal freedom. At the same time; the unity cannot be understood mechanistically; only organic unity let the members of society develop, so the society remains a unified whole The organic balance between rights and responsibilities, or the universal harmony of legal duties, is an ideal benchmark, which although is not quite achievable in a specific lawmaking and law-enforcement activity, but in approaching it, the state improves itself in consonance with the principle of justice.

Abstract: This article examines the problem of civilizational development of Russian in its institutional aspect. Russian civilization is interpreted as a holistic dynamic system that requires the existence of basic institutions for its successful functioning and further development, through which it would be able to reproduce itself. The author highlights the backbone institutions of Russian civilization, such as the institution of unitary state, institution of Orthodox Church, and institution of community; as well as analyzes their transformation as civilization-forming institutions and in terms of interaction with each other. The combination of civilizational and structural-functional approaches allows having a new perspective on the problem of civilizational development by overcoming the determinism of cultural paradigm. Despite the fact that the role of culture for the establishment of one or another civilizational community is indisputably great; civilization is incapable to exist without the institutions defining its structure. Designation of community as a basic institution of the Russian life, which manifested alongside other historical forms in Soviet collectivism, as well as inability of the Orthodox Church to ensure spiritual consolidation of modern society, makes paying attention to unitary (imperial-like) state as the last institution that allows preserving the unity of Russian civilization.

Abstract: This research examines the problem of existence of the Russian civilization; however not from the usual perspective of the debates whether or not Russian is a separate civilization and its relationship with the European civilization, but rather from the perspective of the question about its evolution and transformation as a factor of such development. On one hand, the author demonstrate the scientific purposefulness of the use of civilizational approach for analyzing the current state of Russian society and state. On the other hand, civilizational approach is inseparably associated with the problem of historical development, which manifests in this article as a value imperative. Civilizational paradigm is not opposed to the idea of historical renewal, but couples with it; the historical development is understood as a process inscribed into the existential forms of local civilization, although not limited by them. The author comes to a conclusion that the only way out for Russia’s self-preservation under the established geopolitical, geoeconomic, and geocultural circumstances is the reference to the internal resources of civilizational development. However, such return is not a revival of the traditional institutions in forms of their existence in the past or simple reproduction of the traditional practices, but a renewal based on the creative response in the context of civilizational development (rather than strictly national or modernization), a renewal through the sociocultural evolution.

Abstract: This article is concerned with a pressing issue of establishing civil culture. It studies the issue of civic awareness against the backdrop of human development itself and evolution of its material and spiritual nature. The process of establishing civil culture is felt to be unfinished, rather being in its first stages, than in culmination. The peculiarities of establishing civil culture in Russia are analyzed. One of the key values for the Russian civil culture appears a value of the truth. The truth is a special category related to the Russian set of mind, and it includes both the concepts of verity and justice. This category makes it possible to give a positive answer to a question about existence of the Russian civilization and define some of its peculiarities, as well as differentiate it from the Western civilization, having the value of law as its key value.