Professional worldview of cadets of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation: concept, essence and structure

Pecherskiy Yurii Ivanovich Associate Professor at the Voronezh Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 53 Patriotov Ave., Voronezh, 394065, Russia, Voronezh Region y.i.pechersky@mail.ru Other publications by this author

Introduction. Professional worldview plays a key role in shaping a person's personality and behavior. It focuses on the specific conditions and requirements of a particular profession, takes into account the specifics of professional activity and professional standards; includes knowledge, skills, values and attitudes related directly to the profession, including ethical norms and professional standards; forms an approach to work, focuses on compliance with professional norms and standards, influences decision-making in professional activities. This concept is especially relevant for cadets of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia who are preparing to serve in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the ATS) and must have certain value orientations related to their future professional activities. V.S. Ostapenko points out that today, in order to form a cadet's legal worldview, a system of views and ideas based on a systematic interdisciplinary approach to learning. This system should contribute to the formation of knowledge, beliefs, principles and ideals that meet modern requirements and meet the future professional purpose of the graduate. ^{[11, p. 230]}.

The main part.

The issues of forming the professional worldview of specialists in various fields of training have been studied by Russian scientists at different times. Thus, L.P. Reutova developed strategies for the development of a professional and pedagogical worldview, V.O. Romanova studied the processes of forming a professional worldview among future psychology teachers based on an acmeological approach, S.N. Kasyanov developed a methodological system for forming an informational worldview of future computer science teachers, etc. Of particular interest to our research are works devoted to the formation of the professional worldview of cadets of departmental universities. For example, Yu.A. Dudkin considered aspects of the legal worldview of cadets of universities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, D.V. Karabash the processes of developing a value-worldview culture among future specialists at the university of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, V.S. Ostapenko the formation of the scientific worldview of cadets of universities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, etc.

T.S. Turkina gives the following definition of the concept of "professional worldview" – a set of unique knowledge, values, fundamental principles, assessments and beliefs that influence the development of professional skills of a person, the formation of readiness for continuous learning, the ability to self-organize and competitiveness in the labor market ^{[20, p. 67]}.

The professional worldview is a complex and dynamic system that is formed in a person's memory and controlled by his consciousness. It helps to determine the choice of profession and determines the specifics of professional activity in society ^{[18, p. 310]}, – writes A.S. Sorokina et al.

The professional worldview of cadets of the universities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia seems to us to be an integral system of views, value orientations, beliefs, norms, principles and knowledge that determine their attitude to future professional activity – service in the Department of Internal Affairs, to legal norms, to citizens, to the team and to themselves as individuals, understanding of official goals and objectives, as well as ways and methods of achieving them.

Let's define the key characteristics of the professional worldview of future ATS specialists.:

integrity (all components of the cadets' professional worldview are interconnected and interdependent, forming a single system);

consistency (a professional worldview is based on certain principles, values, and beliefs that form the basis of their professional identity);

dynamism (the professional outlook of cadets is constantly evolving and changing depending on the experience gained during training, practice and further service, as well as new knowledge and modern challenges);

individuality (the professional worldview of each cadet is shaped by personal characteristics, experience and upbringing, which makes him unique);

service orientation (the professional worldview of cadets of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia should be focused on serving the Motherland and the law, protecting the rights and freedoms of citizens, ensuring law and order and security in accordance with the law).

The professional worldview of cadets of educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia includes respect for the law, the desire to protect the rights and interests of citizens, willingness to serve society and the state, as well as honesty, decency and professionalism.

Thus, one of the main features of the professional outlook of future ATS specialists is their commitment to the goals and objectives of law enforcement agencies, their willingness to protect public safety and law and order. Cadets should understand that their service in the Department of Internal Affairs will be associated with certain risks and difficulties, and therefore they should be ready to accept challenges and solve the official tasks facing them. Cadets must be prepared to strictly comply with the laws and requirements of departmental regulations, as well as understand that the law is the basis of their professional activities and that its violation can harm both themselves and society as a whole. To do this, "educational organizations must create the necessary conditions for laying the foundations of a personal and professional worldview, which is undoubtedly an urgent pedagogical task" ^{[1, p. 27]}.

A professional worldview defines values, attitudes towards service and responsibilities, behavior and decision-making. It is important that the training and education of cadets contribute to the formation and strengthening of their professional worldview so that they can successfully fulfill their duties and serve society and the state. Of course, "society expects a service professional to meet social and moral requirements for his behavior and activities" ^{[10, p. 169]}. It is these public demands that should become a guideline for future law enforcement professionals.

So, the essence of the professional worldview of cadets of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is determined by the following factors:

professional pride and social responsibility (awareness of oneself as a future law enforcement officer responsible for ensuring law and order and the safety of citizens, to understand that his actions affect people's lives, and to be ready to take responsibility for his decisions, as well as to have confidence in the importance and significance of his profession);

systemic knowledge and skills (understanding of legal norms and knowledge necessary for effective service, as well as skills in their practical application);

moral and ethical principles (beliefs in the need to comply with the law, principles of justice, impartiality and professional ethics);

patriotism and devotion to the Motherland (willingness to defend the interests of the Motherland, protect its citizens and their rights, understand the importance of stability and security of Russia; to achieve these goals, the key is "the level of professionalism determined by the qualification of the teaching staff to the modern tasks facing patriotic education, implemented within the educational space" ^{[9, p. 166]}, and "without the assimilation and internal acceptance of patriotism, the full-fledged activity of police officers is impossible" ^{[19, p. 117]});

moral and psychological stability (the ability to endure psychological and physical stress, remain calm and confident in difficult situations, maintain a sense of honor and dignity, willingness to maintain the reputation of law enforcement agencies and maintain moral principles in any situation).

The professional worldview of cadets of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia has a complex structure, which, in our opinion, includes the following interrelated components:

1. The motivational component, which includes the desire to be guided in their professional activities by the norms of law and morality:

belief in the necessity of law and order (understanding the importance of legal norms for the stability and security of society, confidence that the legal order guarantees the freedom and well-being of citizens);

belief in the importance of moral principles in professional activity (recognition of the need to adhere to ethical standards and moral qualities in work, awareness that public confidence in law enforcement agencies depends on their moral character);

belief in the need for professional development and self-improvement (understanding the importance of constantly improving one's knowledge, skills and competencies in a changing world, willingness to learn and adapt to new challenges);

belief in the importance of teamwork (understanding the importance of interacting with colleagues and working in a team, realizing that only through joint efforts can success be achieved in the service);

the belief in the need to maintain the safety and protection of citizens (recognizing the priority of ensuring the safety of citizens and protecting their rights and freedoms, understanding that the task of law enforcement agencies is to create conditions for a calm and safe life of people).

2. The axiological component, which includes:

legal knowledge (knowledge and compliance with the requirements of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Criminal Code, the Code of Criminal Procedure and Administrative Code, other laws necessary for work in the Department of Internal Affairs, as well as knowledge of international documents regulating the field of law enforcement);

forensic knowledge (knowledge of methods and techniques for solving crimes, examining the scene, collecting and analyzing evidence, understanding the features of modern criminology and new technologies);

psychological knowledge (knowledge of human psychology, principles of interaction with people, ways to resolve conflict situations, methods of psychological influence and persuasion, understanding the psychology of criminals and victims of crime);

tactical knowledge (knowledge of methods and techniques of tactical support for operational search activities, prevention and suppression of offenses, understanding the specifics of tactical actions in various situations);

professional service and physical training (maintaining good physical shape, the use of combat fighting techniques, special means in service with the police, and fixed firearms, understanding the importance of physical training for performing official tasks) ^{[17, 21]}.

In this regard, Y.G. Khlopovskikh's research and conclusion are of interest that "value orientations integrating a professional worldview and professional mentality ... are determined by the specifics of educational and professional activities and are formed in the educational environment of a university" ^{[22, p. 371]}.

"The formation of the cognitive component of the worldview of future specialists," writes E.A. Pomelnikova, "will be facilitated by the ability to form professional competencies. The basis for the formation of a value component in future specialists will be the teacher's ability to inspire students and create a situation conducive to increasing motivation to achieve success" ^{[16, p. 229]}.

3. A behavioral component based on competence and professional beliefs, including:

skills of working with normative legal acts (the ability to quickly and accurately navigate legislation, find the necessary articles and apply them in practice, understanding the specifics of the application of legal norms in various situations);

skills in conducting operational search activities (the ability to plan, conduct and analyze operational search activities, possess modern methods of collecting and processing information, understand the specifics of conducting operational search activities in modern conditions);

people skills (the ability to establish contact with people, assess their psychological state, conduct conversations and interview witnesses and suspects, master communication and persuasion techniques, understand the specifics of interaction with people from various social groups; it is advisable to use cases and modeling of various situations, as well as foreign experience, to prepare for people skills to train new police officers to act on the basis of specific situations ^[23]);

combat fighting and firearms skills (the ability to defend oneself and others, use weapons in accordance with the law, master combat fighting techniques, know and comply with prohibitions and restrictions on the use of physical force, special equipment and firearms in official activities);

professional communication skills (the ability to express their thoughts clearly, clearly and competently, build a dialogue and transmit information, master the techniques of public speaking and written communication, understand the importance of effective communication in the work of law enforcement agencies).

4. The reflexive component, which includes ideological and moral and legal regulators in the professional sphere:

service to the Motherland and the law (belief in the need to protect the interests of the Motherland, recognition of the law as the highest value and the main regulator of public relations, observance of the law and the rule of law as the foundation of stability and security of society);

honor and dignity (recognition of the importance of high moral qualities and professional ethics, understanding that the reputation of law enforcement agencies depends on each employee);

fairness and impartiality (recognizing the importance of ensuring fair justice and avoiding double standards, regardless of social status or other factors);

social responsibility (understanding the importance of the social mission of law enforcement agencies and willingness to take responsibility for their actions that affect people's lives);

professional pride (confidence in one's profession and willingness to be proud of one's service, to see in it not just work, but service to society).

We share the position of T.S. Turkina, who writes that "at the stage of vocational education, activities develop from educational and cognitive to educational and professional and from it to real professional" ^{[20, p. 69]}. That is, in the educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, it is necessary to develop and implement practice-oriented educational programs that provide high-quality applied specialized training, the foundation of which should be a professional worldview. M.S. Bolshakov et al. In his article, he concludes that "higher professional education, like other elements of the system, should be based on the principle of practical orientation and meet the needs of law enforcement agencies" ^{[2, p. 150]}.

The factors influencing the formation of the cadets' professional worldview include:

study at the departmental university of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, which involves training in specially designed educational programs aimed at the formation of professional knowledge, skills and values;

conducting educational work focused on the development of patriotism, responsibility and discipline, moral and ethical qualities, respect for law and order. "A necessary condition for improving the educational and educational process is the unity of pedagogical influences experienced by students in the educational organization of higher education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. In this regard, the element of education in educational activities and extracurricular activities becomes important" ^{[7, pp. 169-170]};

the teaching staff and their ability to impart to cadets not only knowledge, but also values, principles of law enforcement; at the same time, "constant communication between students and the teacher should foster in them such qualities as a desire to master new knowledge, teamwork in performing common work, a desire to help each other, a sense of responsibility for completing tasks" ^{[5, p. 116]};

modern teaching methods, interactive technologies, simulation models make the learning process more interesting and effective ^[14];

practice in various departments of the Department of Internal Affairs, allowing cadets to gain practical experience, understand the real service and apply the knowledge gained in practice.;

interaction with experienced staff (mentoring), who can share their experience and professional secrets with the cadets.;

Participation in real preventive measures (under the supervision of experienced staff) allows cadets to feel like part of a team and understand the seriousness of the tasks facing law enforcement agencies.;

meetings with veterans of the Department of Internal Affairs who can share their experiences, values and principles with the cadets, which inspires and motivates future law enforcement officers.;

creating an atmosphere of teamwork and mutual assistance in the educational process contributes to the formation of students' sense of responsibility for their team and for their actions; "the inclusion of an individual in a group changes his behavior and worldview, a person perceives and evaluates the world around him from the perspective of "group consciousness"" ^{[4, p. 213]};

family traditions and values, upbringing in the family, respect for the law and the rule of law in the family;

social environment, living conditions and public opinion in the modern information space ^[13];

the personal example of the police officers shows the cadets the real image of a law enforcement officer, his moral and professional qualities;

information about crimes and offenses, images disseminated in the media and on the Internet;

public opinion about law enforcement agencies, formed in the media and in the information space, forms certain expectations from the service among cadets.

"A professional worldview, like any other type of worldview, is a dynamic structure that undergoes constant transformations as its bearer accumulates experience" ^{[15, p. 307]}, notes A.E. Polovnikova. The author also emphasizes the importance and importance of forming the worldview of students, which should be regarded as an obligatory component of the pedagogical process ^{[15, p. 308]}.

Let's formulate the methods of forming the cadets' professional worldview.:

development of effective educational programs (creation, testing and implementation of programs aimed at the formation of professional worldview, knowledge, skills and values);

conducting educational activities (organization of educational activities aimed at the formation of patriotism, moral and ethical qualities, responsibility and discipline; "to foster love and respect for the profession means, first of all, to develop a conscious attitude to public duty, the ability and willingness to invest all their strength, knowledge and experience, to form a proper attitude to official activity as the highest form of their participation in the national cause" ^{[8, p. 261]});

creation of effective mechanisms for interaction with experienced police officers (development of mentoring programs, holding meetings with veterans of law enforcement agencies, participation of cadets in events organized by the Department of Internal Affairs and the region);

the use of modern information technologies (development and implementation of interactive platforms, games and simulators aimed at the formation of a professional worldview);

development and implementation of psychological training programs (conducting psychological trainings aimed at the formation of moral and psychological stability, the ability to bear loads and get out of difficult situations).

"The effectiveness of the formation and development of the professional worldview of cadets and trainees is based on the unity of the association of educational, educational, leisure and practice–oriented activities in the coordination of all participants in the educational process" ^{[3, p. 123]}, concludes D.E. Gainullin.

Let's highlight the significance and results of the cadets' professional worldview.:

improving the efficiency of the service (it will allow cadets to perform their official tasks more effectively, apply the knowledge and skills acquired during the training process in practice, adequately assess the situation and make the right decisions);

self-confidence (it will increase self-confidence, the ability to endure psychological and physical stress, to remain calm and confident in difficult situations);

readiness for continuous learning (will form the cadets' readiness for continuous learning and self-development, understanding that law enforcement requires the improvement of knowledge and skills);

increasing moral and psychological stability, including the ability to self-control and professional empathy (will help future specialists maintain moral and psychological stability in difficult situations, withstand psychological and physical stress, relying on the belief in the justice of their mission; will develop the ability to self-control, preserve moral principles and ethical standards in difficult situations, not succumb to provocation and not breaking the law; will form the ability to understand the feelings and emotions of people with whom you will have to interact, which will make their work more effective);

reducing corruption and delinquency, commitment to the principles of legality and impartiality (focusing on compliance with the law, principles of fairness and impartiality, which will reduce the risks of corruption and delinquency);

understanding the consequences of offenses (will form an understanding of the consequences of offenses both for society and for themselves, which will be a deterrent from illegal actions);

belief in the importance of public trust (creates confidence in the importance of public trust in law enforcement agencies, which motivates honest and professional work);

demonstration of professionalism and moral qualities (promotes readiness for professional growth and self-improvement, which allows them to demonstrate professionalism and moral qualities, making the image of a law enforcement officer more attractive);

creating a positive image of an internal affairs officer in society (reflects the values and principles of the service, which creates a positive image of a police officer in society, strengthens citizens' trust in law enforcement agencies).

Conclusion. Thus, the professional worldview of cadets of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is the fundamental basis of their future service. V.S. Ostapenko emphasizes that "in the system of education at universities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the ideological emphasis is the leading, determining one" ^{[11, p. 230]}. The formation of a professional worldview is not a one–step act, but a complex and lengthy process that requires the purposeful efforts of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, experienced employees, family and society as a whole. The conscious formation of a professional worldview is a key factor for ensuring efficiency and success in law enforcement activities, contributes to creating a positive image of an interior ministry officer in society and strengthening citizens' trust in law enforcement agencies ^[12]. "The high level of development of the worldview of professionally significant qualities of cadets is one of the key conditions for satisfaction with the service and, in turn, is an additional motive for further development of the specialist's necessary professional qualities" ^{[6, p. 135]}. The creation of an effective system of education, upbringing and practical training of cadets of educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is not only of practical importance, but also is the most important strategic task for ensuring the security and stability of Russia.