Abstract: People face various psychosocial stressors on a daily basis, which are important factors in the development and maintenance of depression. However, most people who are exposed to stress do not develop depression, which is partly due to the adaptive mechanisms. In particular, these mechanisms include coping behavior. Almost 20 years have passed since the last review addressing the issue of coping and depression of patients with affective disorders, many studies have been conducted in the field of coping and depression. In this regard, there is a need to update and systematize scientific data for a deeper understanding of the features of the depressive state of patients with affective disorders. The aim of the study is to identify and summarize existing scientific data on the features of coping behavior of patients with depression within the framework of affective disorders. To achieve this goal, a systematic review of the literature was conducted. The review used two search strategies: systematic electronic database search (PubMed, Google Scholar, and eLibrary.Ru ) and manual article search. 42 articles were found: 27 publications with cross-sectional design and 15 papers with longitudinal design. It was revealed that the symptoms of depression are negatively associated with problem-oriented coping and emotionally-oriented coping aimed at involving stress in a situation. Avoidant coping is directly related to the symptoms of depression and predicts its development. Only one study has been identified where coping was considered as a risk factor for depression of healthy people. The results of two studies have shown that coping mediates the relationship between childhood abuse and depression. It was revealed that the coping profile of patients with affective disorders differs from the profile of healthy people: the predominance of avoidance strategies and the low severity of problem-oriented coping. There are not enough studies comparing different clinical groups on coping strategies. In addition, the gender specificity of coping and the relationship of coping with age characteristics are considered. It is noted that researchers use different methods of coping assessment, which makes it difficult to analyze, summarize and compare data. There are also no studies on the interaction of coping strategies and personality traits.

Keywords: coping strategies, coping, unipolar depression, depressive disorder, depressive symptoms, symptoms of depression, depression, mood disorders, affective disorders, coping behavior

Abstract: The subject of the study is the emotional sphere and cognitive functions (memory, attention, thinking) of patients with HIV infection. The object of the study is the patients themselves. The author provides a detailed analysis of the cognitive impairments in this group of patients, which significantly affect treatment adherence, emotional stability, and overall quality of life. The focus is on the experience of conducting group training, the effectiveness of which is demonstrated by improvements of participants' emotional state and cognitive functions. The study emphasizes the importance of a personalized approach to assessing and correcting cognitive functions and emotional disorders, considering factors such as disease stage, comorbidities, psychoemotional state, and individual patient characteristics. Based on these findings, the author developed a training program tailored to meet the needs of this group. In the work we used an information questionnaire, Schulte tables, “10 words memorization test”, “Munsterberg test”, methods “Essential attributes”, “Exclusion of superfluous” (non-verbal version), method “Complex analogies”, “Psychopathological symptomatology severity questionnaire”, method of diagnostics of irrational attitudes A. Ellis and method “Life satisfaction index”. Psychodiagnostic examination was conducted before the training and after every eight sessions. The main conclusions of the study are the proven effectiveness of the training in improving memory (of 39% of participants), attention (of 83%), logical thinking (of 36%) and emotional state, including a significant reduction in somatization, obsessive-compulsive manifestations, depression and anxiety (of 47-63%). Questionnaire survey of participants showed high satisfaction with the training and improvement of cognitive functions and emotional state, which confirms the relevance of the approach. Correlation analysis showed a significant relationship between emotional tension and irrational attitudes, which is important to consider in rehabilitation programs. The training program was adapted to the peculiarities of the participants, which allowed to achieve improvements in cognitive and emotional spheres.

Keywords: life satisfaction, irrational beliefs, a personalized approach, emotional disorders, comorbidity, psychological technology, training, cognitive impairment, cognitive functions, HIV infection

Abstract: The article presents the developed and tested model of formation of positive civic identity and traditional values of students. The purpose of the article: to present the results of the formative experiment confirming the effectiveness of the model (increase in the indicators of positive civic identity and traditional values of students after its implementation). Research design: experiment, control diagnostics, the development and implementation of special tests on psychology of personal values. Participants: 20 students studying in the psychology department (experimental group) and 17 students studying in the special (defectological) education department (control group). Research loci: Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Transbaikal State University” (Chita, Russia). Methods (tools): value questionnaire by Sh. Schwartz, identity questionnaire in 16 categories (M. S. Yanitsky and others), R. Inglehart’s method (modification of M. S. Yanitsky), method of measuring the expression of civic identity (N. M. Lebedeva, A. N. Tatarko). Mathematical processing of data was carried out using the Wilcoxon T-test. The results of the forming experiment showed that during the implementation of the model there were significant shifts in the indicators of a number of values at the individual level (conformity, traditions, benevolence, safety). The significance of the identities “I as a representative of my people”, “I as a citizen of my country” and “I as a resident of this city” increased significantly. After psychological and pedagogical influence, the number of those who recognize the values of adaptation and socialization increased. The indicators “Strength” and “Valence” (degree of positivity) of civic identity increased significantly.

Keywords: students, formation of traditional values, formation of civic identity, components of identity, hierarchical system, model, traditional values, civic identity, values, identity

Abstract: The study describes the characteristics of loneliness and anxiety experienced by adolescents of the older and younger age groups who use surfactants and are undergoing rehabilitation in a drug treatment center. The object of the study is the peculiarities of experiencing loneliness and anxiety, the subject was their predictive role in the formation of adolescents' addiction to surfactants in different age groups. The aim of the study is to identify the characteristics of loneliness and anxiety of adolescents who use surfactants. The novelty of the conducted research lies in the study of adolescents suffering from chemical dependence and who are in the process of rehabilitation. To conduct the study, we used the following methods: assessment of the subjective experience of loneliness by D. Russell, M. Ferguson (UCLA); the A.Beck anxiety scale (BAI); the scale of overt anxiety for teenagers by A.M. Parishioners. The study involved 50 adolescents (25 boys and 25 girls, 20 of them younger adolescents (10 boys and 10 girls) and 30 older adolescents (15 boys and 15 girls) who use various types of surfactants and are undergoing rehabilitation in drug treatment centers. The sample of respondents is maximally ordered by gender, age and sociodemographic criteria (full families, average income, permanent residence in Moscow and/or the Moscow region, regular use of surfactants of the same type). As a result of the study, we identified stable features in experiencing anxiety and subjective loneliness: adolescent boys of both age groups are more likely to experience loneliness as a misunderstanding from others and an average level of anxiety, while the anxiety level of adolescent girls is significantly higher and is associated with the manifestation of the scale of social desirability. At the same time, adolescents of the younger age group are prone to higher levels of anxiety, while older adolescents are prone to deeper experiences of subjective loneliness in terms of impaired social interactions.

Keywords: drug treatment center, rehabilitation, predictors of addiction, minors, loneliness, anxiety, Surfactants, dependence, teenagers, chemical dependence