Russian phraseological units with the concept of "Homeland" in phraseological dictionaries

Chzhan Min' Postgraduate student, Department of Russian language and methods of its teaching, Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia 117198, Russia, Moscow region, Moscow, Miklukho-Maklaya str., 6 1042218111@pfur.ru Other publications by this author

Introduction

Russian Russian phraseological units containing the national and cultural information of a Russian person represent special important linguistic units. The word "Homeland", which has a sacred meaning for each of us, plays a significant role in any language in the history of each nation. Uniting the hearts and thoughts of people of different nationalities of the country into a single whole, the Motherland is an internal spiritual and psychological connection between peoples.

Russian Russian phraseological units with the concept of "Homeland" allow speakers of other linguistic cultures to better understand the character, soul, and national culture of the Russian person.

The concept of the word "Homeland" and its synonyms

The word "Homeland" has several meanings. Firstly, this word is understood as the native land, discovered by our ancestors and passed down from generation to generation. In their native land, people were born, died, took root, and at the same time, their native land fed them. The peoples cherish, love and protect it with all their soul. The feelings of peoples towards their homeland are diverse, including responsibility for national sovereignty, love and pride for their native land, culture and compatriots, etc. Secondly, homeland is defined as a country/state. It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the homeland for everyone has both a common meaning and an individual and deep meaning.

Synonyms of the word "Homeland" are listed as follows: mother, fatherland, fatherland, cradle, (native) country, native side, native land, native home, native Palestine, hearth, native land, birthplace (ancestral nest) ^{[10, p. 331]}, etc. It should be noted that not only in the above examples, but also in phraseological dictionaries, the following is obviously observed: among these synonyms, most of them are a separate word or an ordinary phrase, and there are not so many phraseological units. For example, in phraseological dictionaries, you can find the following phraseological units associated with the root "genus": birthmark/ ancestral nest, to be born in a shirt/ chemise, the human race, to be born under a lucky star, soul mate, birthmark, human race, etc. It is noted that there are not so many phraseological units directly related to the word "Homeland". Among them, the lexical meaning of the phraseological units "birthplace / ancestral nest", denoting the place where people were born and grew up, coincide with the concept of "Homeland", because in the word "Homeland" the original meaning is the place of birth of a person.

Russian Russian linguistics requires analysis and the fact that the search and selection of relevant examples from Russian literary and journalistic texts, phraseological dictionaries, as well as the identification of significant phraseological units of the Russian language with the concept of "Homeland" cause difficulties for speakers of a different linguistic culture. Russian Russian phrases differ from phraseological units in the course of the study, which causes difficulties for foreign speakers, for example, such common phrases in the Russian language as fatherland, desperate land, hearth, native home, native Palestine, etc., not only in structure, but also in lexical meaning, to a certain extent similar. to Russian phraseological units. But in general, with the help of phraseological dictionaries of the Russian language based on the classifications of phraseological units by V.V. Vinogradov, N.M. Shansky, A.I. Molotkov, A.I. Fedorov, V.M. Mokienko and other researchers, analysis and understanding of the lexical meanings of such expressions in the context help to overcome these difficulties.

The concept of "Homeland" in the Russian language and its associative images

As you know, the word "Homeland", which occupies an essential place in any language, is dear, sweet and sacred to each person in his own way. Russian Russian linguistics Analyzing this concept, E.M. Priorova, E.P. Savchenko, E.M. Filchakova point to four aspects of its linguistic realization in Russian phraseology: firstly, the defense of the motherland, the struggle for their country; secondly, nostalgia; thirdly, the opposite of the motherland to a foreign land; fourthly, pride for his homeland ^{[9, p. 161]}. T.I. Kolabinova has a similar opinion. When researching this concept in M.A. Sholokhov's novel "The Quiet Don", she considers the frequency of use of this word, and identifies six logemes: 1) the necessary protection of the motherland; 2) betrayal of the motherland is a terrible crime; 3) a person's duty to the motherland; 4) love for the motherland; 5) homesickness and the desire to return to his native land; 6) psychological and moral preparation to die for his homeland ^{[6, pp. 180-183]}. Based on the above thoughts, we can reduce them to the following two main aspects: 1) feelings of responsibility/ loyalty/love for one's country, the spirit of self-sacrifice for it, for example, putting one's head/belly/life for the motherland, paying with blood for the fatherland, standing guard over the interests of one's country, etc.; 2) a sense of belonging to the fatherland, nationality, family, and a sense of pride for one's nation, for example, "The smoke of the fatherland is lighter than someone else's fire", "On someone else's side I am glad to see my crow", "Where the pine tree is mature, there it is red", "Look for good on the side, and love the house according to the old days" ^{[8, pp. 285-288]}, etc.

Russians Russian Russian Russian linguoculture, L.M. Dovletkireeva, S.I. Gehaeva, A.A. Dzhantamirova, A.M. Ismailova emphasize its importance for the Russian people, a sense of patriotism for native speakers of the Russian language, reflected in many Russian proverbs and sayings. Moreover, using the example of a number of proverbs and sayings about the motherland and mother, researchers show their significant associative relationship ^{[5, p. 251]}. Analyzing the family/family code of figurative components in Russian phraseological units about the motherland, L.K. Bayramova notes that this type of phraseological units is associated with family members, including mother, father, parents, etc. ^{[1, pp. 35-36]}

Russian russians obviously love their homeland is a significant and valuable characteristic feature of the Russian people ^{[5, p. 251]}, while the lexeme "Homeland" associated with the image of a mother evokes a strong emotion in a Russian person. For example, the sculpture "Motherland calls!" on Mamaev Kurgan in Volgograd reveals the emotions of the Russian people, shows their national character, history, and memory.

Russian Russian phraseological units about the motherland with English ones, L.K. Bayramova believes that the concept of "Homeland" in the Russian language is associated with the native home, for example, native penates. At the same time, the researcher gives an interesting opinion about the Russian romantic image of the motherland, i.e. this image is associated with the nature of Russia – vegetation – birch, for example, birch Rus ^{[2, pp. 43-44]}.

The theme "Homeland" is also present in the dictionary of proverbs of the Russian people. For example, in the themes "Homeland – a Foreign Land" and "Rus – Motherland", the following images associated with the Homeland are highlighted: 1) specific images, including home, people, bird's nest, earth, spring, mother, etc., for example, "Praise the overseas (the other side), but stay at home!", "Whatever people you live in, stick to that custom", "Stupid is the bird that its nest disliked", "Its own land and in a handful is sweet. Its own land is its own dust", "The Holy Russian land is great, and the sun is everywhere", "On the other side, and spring is not red. Our spring is red in red", "The native side is the mother, the stranger is the stepmother", "Holy Russia, Orthodox, heroic, mother Holy Russian land", "Novgorod is the father, Kiev is the mother, Moscow is the heart, St. Petersburg is the head"; 2) abstract human emotions (sadness, grief, joy, fun, etc.), for example, "Beyond the sea is fun, but someone else's, and we have our own grief, but our own", "Our own sadness is more expensive than someone else's joy", "Beyond the sea it is warmer, but ours is brighter (more cheerful)" ^{[8, pp. 285-290]}, etc. Thus, the emotions and feelings of the Russian people towards their Homeland are complex and deep.

When considering patriotism, L.K. Bayramova notes not only its positive (sacred duty of a patriot) – devotion /love for the motherland, readiness to die for the fatherland, for example, to lay down bones, to die the death of the brave, but also negative aspects – false patriotism, for example, leavened patriotism ^{[2, pp. 45-46]}. She identifies eight topics related to the presentation of "Homeland". Among them, in terms of the number of themes, "homeland", "symbols of the motherland / culture", "to die defending your native land" and "father's house" occupy the first four places, and "false patriotism" (only 1 FE) occupies the last place ^{[2, p. 46]}.

V.M. Shaklein, M.A. Karelova, S.S. Mikova also point to the binary property (positive and negative aspects) of the concept of "Homeland" in the Russian language, associated with its opposition "Homeland/Foreign land". The researchers believe that from the point of view of the axiological component, this concept has a positive connotation. According to them, the word "Homeland" is associated not only with such positive emotions as joy, fun, happiness, beauty, etc., but also with natural phenomena, including "snow", "rain", "dawn" ^{[13, pp. 55-59]}, etc.

Conclusion

Russian Russian phraseological dictionaries show that, on the one hand, there are not so many phraseological units in the narrow sense directly related to the concept of "Homeland" in the phraseological dictionaries of the Russian language, but this does not mean that the word "Homeland" in the consciousness and soul of the Russian people does not have significant significance. On the other hand, there are many phraseological units in a broad sense with the meaning of "Homeland", including sayings, proverbs, catch words and expressions.

In general, Russian phraseological units with the concept of "Homeland" have positive and negative aspects. Russian Russian phraseological dictionaries mainly contain such positive properties of the Russian people as a sense of responsibility/ loyalty/ love for their country, self-sacrifice for their native land, a sense of pride/ belonging to the fatherland, etc. At the same time, in rare cases, a negative aspect is reflected – false patriotism.Moreover, the word "Homeland" has different meanings. His concept in Russian is associated with images, for example, mother, home, natural phenomena, etc.

Russian Russian phraseological dictionaries, therefore, identify and analyze significant phraseological units with the concept of "Homeland" in Russian phraseological dictionaries, which help not only to understand the meaning of the motherland in the consciousness of a Russian person, but also to become more deeply acquainted with the inner world of the Russian people, their soul, character, and spiritual values.