Abstract: The 1920s faced the ideological pressure on the rural crime studying methodology as the peasant policy tightened. During the period of narrowing economic independence of peasants, all researches were marked as 'Marxist understanding of crime factors'. Collectivisation resulted in recognition of the 'anti-scientific nature' of the factors theory and reduction of rural crime researches. The object of this research is the social relations that relate to the existence of crime in the country-side and measures undertaken to prevent it during the first years of the Soviet regime. The purpose of the research is to discover criminological features of rural crime during the first years of the Soviet regime. The subject of the research includes the criminological features of rural crime; measures of overall social and special legal prevention of rural crime; and results of multi-year researches carried out by the authors. The research methods used by the authors included general research methods and special research methods such as logical, historical, comparative law, structured system and statistical methods. The methodological basis of the research implied the founding categories of the dialectical materialism such as negation of the negation, transition from quantity to quality, and others. The scientific novelty of the research is caused by the fact that for the first time in the academic literature the authors describe criminological features of rural crime and specific measures of prevention of this kind of crime as a result of their analysis of rural crime during the first years of the Soviet regime. The main conclusion of the research is that not only rural living conditions influenced the crime factors but so did repression and prohibition of crime studies in the USSR. 

Abstract: This work presents the author’s position regarding the priority directions of anti-drug activity, which must be reflected in the updated version of the Strategy of the Russian Federation National Anti-Drug Policy:


Increase the efficiency of the national anti-drug system should consists in consolidation of efforts of all agencies of state authority and administration towards the fight against the transnational organized crime in the area of illegal trafficking;


Organization of the rehabilitation system and resocialization of drug consumers, as the basis for reducing the demand for drugs (federal level and regional segments, projection of the system for all drug consumers, demarcation of the medical and social aspects, further development of the institute of inducement, etc.).


The object of this research is the social relations emerging in the sphere of realization of the criminal-legal norms that regulate the peculiarities of anti-drug policy in the Russian Federation. The goal of the work lies in formation of propositions on improvement of the state anti-drug policy based on the corresponding theoretical analysis. The main conclusion of the conducted research consists in the author’s position on the prioritized directions of antii-drug activity, which must find their reflection on the Strategy of the Russian Federation National Anti-Drug policy. Relevant changes to this Strategy are proposed. The article applies the previously existed and current criminal legislation of the Russian Federation, corresponding norms of the foreign criminal law, results of the doctrinal research of the Russian and foreign juridical scholars, law enforcement practice of the Russian judicial agencies, official statistical data.

Abstract: This article examines the criminological characteristics of current trends of crime in the area of illegal sales and distribution of synthetic drugs as a negative social phenomenon, as well as the actions of the government and society towards ensuring effective countermeasures against drug use among population and fight against illegal trafficking of synthetic “designer” drugs. This work presents the relevance of the issue and the special aspects of the crimes in the area of illegal trade of narcotics, psychotropic substances and their substitutes (synthetic “designer” drugs, “spices”), which is defined on one hand by the complexity of detection, investigation, and prevention of these crimes, and on the other – the growth in a number of drug users and increased number of deaths due to drug overdose.

Abstract: The article considers the criminological characteristic of the modern tendencies in the sphere of narcotic drugs and psychotropic agents trafficking. The research object is illegal trafficking of drugs as a negative social phenomenon, and the state and society activities directed at an effective struggle against narcotization of population and combating drugs trafficking. The research is aimed at studying and defining of the main characteristics of crimes in the sphere of drugs trafficking.
The research subject includes the cultural heritage, the existing penal legislation, statistical data and scientific and educational literature on the issue of the study.  
Alongside with the general scientific methods the author uses the logical, historical, comparative-legal, system-structural, statistical, sociological (questioning, interview) and other methods.
The methodology of the research is based on fundamental categories of dialectical materialism – the negation of the negation, the transition of quantitative into qualitative changes, and the philosophical categories of the general, the peculiar and the singular, the cause and the consequence, and some others.
The scientific originality of the research consists of the fact that the work considers the peculiarities of crimes in the sphere of illegal drugs trafficking, their heaviness and consequences. Moreover, the article describes these crimes specificity and dynamics. The research reveals the new data about the criminological determinants of the crimes considered. On the base of the results of the experts interviewing the author makes the conclusions about the efficiency of preventive activities. 

Abstract: The article substantiates the topicality of the problem of studying crime in rural areas, which is defined, on one hand, by complicated character of criminal situation in villages, and topicality of problems of organizing countermeasures against crime and its prevention, and on the other hand, by the lack of studies of the criminological issues in the sphere of rural crime. The number of cases involving death or grievous harm to health of village people by criminal attacks is especially alarming to one studying rural crime.  The number of deaths of people due to crime in rural areas in Russia remains the same in last three years, and it is over two times larger than the same criterion for the city crime, and one and a half times larger for causing grievous harm to health of people. The authors of the article point out the complicated character of criminal situation in the villages. The tendency for the lesser registered crimes in the rural areas in 2009 to 2012 does not reflect the real situation, since it is artificially formed in last several years by lowering statistical data. In this article the authors analyze the situation and tendencies in rural crime. The methods employed include following from abstract to specific, systemic structural and comparative analysis, historic method, dynamic and statistical methods, as well as specific sociological methods for the evaluation of rural crime. The scientific novelty is due to establishing the fact that the level of rural crime is higher than city crime.  Additionally, the crimes in rural area become especially troublesome due to the scale and amount of deaths of village people and causing grievous harm to their health.  The number of deaths of people due to crime in rural areas in Russia remains the same in last three years, and it is over two times larger than the same criterion for the city crime, and one and a half times larger for causing grievous harm to health of people.

Abstract: Humanization of criminal legislation in the sphere of economics did not make the general criminal situation any better. Corruption flourishes in spite of ever stricter measures against it.  The scandalous schemes for capital export and tax evasion in various ministries and institutions are discussed by the mass media almost daily.  Many billions of US dollars are transferred to the offshore zones via "front" companies. Amendments into the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation included the norm, providing that the only reason for initiating a criminal case on tax crimes is materials of tax audits by the tax bodies. Therefore, the internal affairs bodies are eliminated from uncovering tax crimes, which were transferred to the narrowly specialized institution - the tax body.  The said body only has the competence to implement tax control, and it cannot hold operative investigation. It causes low level of uncovering tax crimes by the tax bodies, since their main goal is not to fight tax crimes, but to control (supervise) correct calculation of taxes by taxpayers based upon the accounting and tax documents, establishing arrears and applying tax responsibility measures to persons and entities.  That is why, there is need to form specialized divisions for uncovering and investigation of tax crimes.

Abstract: The article includes general criminologic characteristics of crimes in the sphere of telecommunications and computer information, the authors provide for the dynamics of development of such crimes for the period since 2009 to 2012 in comparison to the number of Internet users for the same period. In the latest decade the Internet became a virtual space, where people may express their ideas, get involved in social activities, etc. Currently the Internet networks play an important roles in our communications. We transfer money via computers, cash dispensers, and electronic payment system, we set the routes, look for good restaurants, find out what movie we should watch, and all of these actions depend on information technolgies. Many Internet users are attacked by cybercriminals. The above-mentioned problems are discussed in this article. The article may be useful for the officers of the law-enforcement bodies working with high-technology crimes.