Abstract: The subject of this research is the problem of moral liberation of personality in ideological heritage of Russian Populism. In the social philosophy of Russian populism this problem is an integral part of the theory of holistic liberation of personality (moral, socioeconomic, political). Emphasis is made on the concept of “rational egoism” and principle of oneness of human nature (unity of material and moral) of N. G. Chernyshevsky; significance of subjective method in social sciences in formation of anthropological (“moral”) ideal of P. L. Lavrov; as well as theory of solidary relations as the key concepts of ethicism of social philosophy of Russian Populism. The scientific novelty consists in examination of the problem of moral liberation in the context of theory of holistic liberation of personality, developed by the Russian populists on the basis of socio-philosophical ideas of Enlightenment. The problem of autonomous (sovereign) personality in the social philosophy of Russian populism is viewed in the context of “liberation of personality”, with emphasis on the anthropological ideal of “moral personality”. Advancing the theory of “rational egoism”, N. G. Chernyshevsky came to the conclusion that autonomy of personality is achieved due to social solidarity. P. L. Lavrov, having continued the inner logics of populist thought on the development of solidary relations in the society, basically neglected the autonomy of personality. An attempt to solve the problem of correlation between moral freedom and moral demand, applicable to the ideal personality, led to formation of the fundamentals of solidarism within the philosophy of Russian populism.

Abstract: This article examines the phenomenon of American paleoconservatism in the Russian historiography, as well as provides an analytical overview of scientific publications on the problems of evolution of American conservatism of the late XX century that touches upon the questions of ideological establishment and political influence of paleoconservatism in the United States. Paleoconservatism represents a nontrivial version of the modern American conservatism, which is opposite to the mainstream forms of conservatism (for example, neoconservatism), but leans on the fundamental American principles, as an ideological defender of the tradition and freedom. The problem of paleoconservatism in Russian historiography is viewed by the representatives of various scientific directions: historians-Americanologists, political scientists, experts in the area of jurisprudence, etc. However, within the Russians science the phenomenon of American paleoconservatism is studied fragmentarily. The problems of committed genealogy, historical development and ideological evolution of American paleoconservatism remain poorly studied. The political writings and views of the key theoreticians and representatives of paleoconservatism – P. Gottfried, P. Brimelow, S. Francis, etc. Nevertheless, the political potential of paleoconservative ideology, which combines the principles of retention of the tradition and inviolability of freedom, is evident in modern world. The demand of political ideas of American paleoconservatists and paleoconservative discourse outside the United States underlines the need for further research of this ideological and political phenomenon.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the problem of socioeconomic liberation of a person in the context of a concept of sovereign entity. Within the social philosophy of Russian Populism, this problem is resolved through the creation of a so-called “philosophy of labor” that defines the key provisions and criteria of the socioeconomic independence of a person. Such “philosophy of labor” is a seamless component of the socio-philosophical heritage of Russian Populism and meant to resolve the problem of both, social and anthropological ideal. For more detailed analysis, the author examines the perception of the ideological heritage of Populism within neo-Populist environment. The novelty of this research consists in the historical-philosophical consideration of the socio-philosophical problem from the philosophical and anthropological perspective, most adequate applicable to the ideological heritage of Russian Populism. The problem of sovereign identity is views through the criteria of “liberation of a person”, among which the emphasis is made on the socioeconomic factor. Based on a number of analytical theses formulated in the article, the conclusion is made that the social and anthropological ideas of Russian Populism should be considered in the context of the concept of sovereign identity, the entity which independence is achieved following the criteria of socioeconomic autonomy.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the problem of “Russian nihilism”, developed in the philosophical works of Russian thinker Alexander Ivanovich Herzen. Placed in a more extensive context of revolutionary-democratic thought and philosophy of populism (Narodnichestvo), the phenomenon of “Russian nihilism” requires a profound gnoseological analysis. The results of this historical-philosophical analysis testify to the fact that the phenomenon carries rather philosophical-anthropological importance rather than socio-philosophical importance, as its core is the idea on the type of “nihilist”. Question about the genealogy of nihilist type aroused debates between D. I. Pisarev and A. I. Herzen, which became one of the key sources of interpretations of the “Russian nihilism” as a social and spiritual-cultural phenomenon of Russian civilization. The scientific novelty consists in considering the worldview of the Russian thinker through the prism of his aesthetic interpretation of nihilism. Russian nihilism is described as a polygenetic phenomenon of national culture, and Herzen as one of the ideological forerunner and inspirer of the “Russian nihilism”, Herzen synthesized the main problem of the Russian philosophy – liberation of man, with the idea of radical individualism (sovereign personality) and libertine. Based on a number of analytical theses, formulated in the article, Herzen’s worldview of the late 1940’s – early 1850’s is characterizes as “aesthetic nihilism”.

Abstract: This article explores the theoretical considerations of the project of historical-cultural reconstructions of the “sites of commemoration” realized by the means of virtual modeling technologies. The project of the virtual reconstructions of “sites of commemoration” is viewed as a megaproject; as a program for creating commemorative environment, protection of tradition and social memory; as a source of materials for geocultural branding of the territory; as well as a relevant source for the development of solidary relations in modern society. Such subject of research requires comprehensive methodology. The author underlines the use of interdisciplinary approach in carrying out the virtual reconstruction projects; methods, technologies and materials provided by historical science, theoretical considerations of cultural anthropology, culturology and urban studies; data and results of mathematical modeling and virtual engineering. The original matrix of sociocultural objectives of each particular project of virtual modeling of the “sites of commemoration” maximally contributes to the development of certain cultural environment, methods and technologies of theoretical and applied fields of knowledge, as well as interdisciplinary collaboration. Historical material, processed with the help of virtual modeling technologies, including OpenSimulator 0.9.0 software, acquires a significant from the historical-cultural and cultural-anthropological perspective status of humanitarian megaproject. Digital museum, as an ultimate goal of the project, is the means for reviving memory and creating a complex of commemorative practices.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the conservative approach towards aesthetics of architecture in the philosophy of British thinker, aesthetician and theorist of conservatism Roger Scruton. The cultural situation of postindustrial society – consumerism and commodification of culture – requires new approaches in art history, which are capable of establishing protective trends in the social life. Scruton offers an alternative approach towards art, which represents not so much a return to the traditional values, as revival of cultural situation. Such situation implies the existence of art as a translator of traditional values that strengthen social ties. This article is the first within the Russian scientific literature to examine the aesthetics of Scruton’s architecture in the context of his conservative philosophy, which defines the scientific novelty and outlines new horizons for research in the fields of aesthetics of architecture and philosophy of modern British conservatism. The conclusion is made that Scruton's appeal to the topic of aesthetic experience expands the problematic from pure aesthetics to the unity of ethics, theory of solidarity, and axiology of traditional culture.