Abstract: This article explores the peculiarities of the phenomenon of poverty in the post-Soviet Russia as one of the key social indicators of the achieved level of well-being and sustainable development of the country. The subject of this research is the socioeconomic relations that condition the persistence of large-scale absolute and relative poverty, and excessive social inequality in the country. The goal consists in outlining boundaries of the existing methodology of definition of poverty; as well as in substantiating that the use of modern methods leads to lowering the subsistence line and minimum wage. The author forms the databases necessary for displaying the absolute and relative poverty threshold in Russia and other foreign countries for the period 2000 – 2019. The article also employs Data Mining. The information framework is comprised of the official statistics of Rosstat and Eurostat, usa.gov International Monetary Fund, World Bank, legal reference system ConsultantPlus; annual reports of the Credit Suisse Institute, World Inequality Lab; infographics of the information analytical portal Knoema. In the course of an analytical retrospective assessment of dynamics of the key indicators of poverty threshold in the Russian Federation, the author establishes a significant discrepancy between the official and actual threshold, which distorts the relevant picture of poverty, impedes the development of the effective strategy for overcoming poverty, which imparts chronic character to this phenomenon. Relying on the relevant foreign experience of poverty reduction strategy, as well as scientific and practical works of the Russian experts in this field, the author justifies the measures for eradication of poverty in the Russian Federation. Recommendations are given for amending the state policy on promoting reduction of poverty in modern Russia, taking into account the need to overcome excessive social inequality.

Abstract: This article substantiates social well-being of the population as one of the key indicators of socioeconomic inequality. The author advances a scientific idea is that the system of allocation of income and national wealth formed in the post-Soviet Russia, when excessive advantages of some (small social groups) are provided at the cost of limiting functional capabilities of others (larger social groups), which severely contradicts the basic principles of inclusive society and cannot be recognized as socially fair. The conducted analysis of the peculiarities of inequality in post-Soviet Russia describes it as “socially unfair” and excessive. Such inequality negatively affects social well-being of the individuals. It is demonstrated that excessive inequality, with characteristic massive poverty (absolute and relative), in the meta-space of social well-being of the population or the Russian Federation, the prevalent type of life realization of an individual is the “negative expectations”; most significant risk factors for the worsening of social well-being are moral and emotional state of society and some status characteristics of the individual (level of education, professional activity). Using cluster analysis, the author tests the hypothesis on the impact of excessive inequality upon the level of manifestation of deviant behavior of the people in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Recommendations are formulated on amending the redistributive policy of the government aimed at reduction of socioeconomic inequality and improvement pf social well-being of the population.