Abstract: The object of research is the fantasy genre, its artistic world and language. It is noteworthy that, not being satisfied with existing terms such as "occasionalisms", "proper nouns", the authors introduce new concepts. The abovementioned terms are used in the analysis and description of the linguistic features of the fantasy genre, but do not reflect the specifics of fantasy. The subject of the study is mythological sign ("mythoznak") in the fantasy genre. The material for the study is the novel "Neverwhere" by N. Gaiman, from which mythological signs were selected by continuous sampling. They are characterized by the absence of a real denotation and form the denotation space of the pseudo-world in fantasy. The theoretical significance of the work lies in deepening the understanding of the term "mythological sign" (in the context of fantasy). The practical significance of the work consists in the possibility of using the results of the research in the practice of literary translation and for educational purposes. It is revealed that a significant part of the mythological signs are author's nominations, which brings them closer to the occasionalisms. Nevertheless, they are not always created by fantasy authors: conventional language units are also used in the function of mythological signs. In this case, the author changes their structure and semantic content. On the other hand, mythological signs are not always proper names.

Abstract: This article provides an overview of the Russian and foreign classifications of realias, and the results of research conducted by the authors on the ways of conveying the realias of state-administrative structure and public life from the English language into the Russian language (based on the novel "Rebecca" by Daphne Du Maurier and its translation into the Russian language by G. Ostrovskaya). The goal of this is to determine the peculiarities and most effective ways of conveying the realias in the literary work, considering the specificity of literary translation, which requires preserving the flair, imagery, and aesthetic impact the original. The article employs the method of continuous sampling, quantitative estimation, linguistic observation and description, and comparative method. The conducted research contributes to studying the effectiveness of different ways of translating the realias in a literary text from the English language into the Russian language. The novelty of consist in the fact that this article is first to examine the language material and translation solutions from two perspectives – the theory of linguistic translation and the theory of interpretative translation. The conclusion is made that in conveying the realias, in some instances, the translator shifts away from the standard ways in order to make the text comprehensible for the Russian-speaking recipient. At the same time, this is the why the methods justified from the standpoint of linguistic theory of translation leads to a loss of flair and semantic nuances. The acquired materials and results can be valuable for pedagogical and educational purposes, as well as in professional English – Russian translations that contain non-equivalent vocabulary.

Abstract: This article examines the English-language realities within the framework of literary text and their translation into the Russian language. The goal is to determine the patterns of application of the various methods for translating realities from the English language into the Russian based on the analysis of translation solutions (on the example of Daphne du Maurier’s novel “Rebecca”). The selected from the original text routine realities are analyzed from the perspective of the ways of their translation (on the basis of classification of V. S. Vinogradov) for determining the most productive out of them. In the course of research the author uses the methods of continuous sampling for selecting the language material; linguistic observation and description; quantitative estimation; and comparative method. The analysis of language material demonstrates that the most productive means for translation of routine realities of the English language into the Russian language imply adaptation, periphrastic translation, and calquing; then follow the transcription and transliteration. Less productive with regards to translation of routine realities became the hypo-hyperonymic translation. The theoretical importance and novelty of this study consist in the hierarchical arrangement of the material, systematization of translation solutions, and specification of the factors and solutions affecting the adequacy of translation of realities into the Russian language. Despite interest of the researchers to the process of translation of realities, practical aspects of the effectiveness of separate translation approaches and their combinations remain relevant. Analysis of the quality of translation equivalents, determination of the patterns for translating realities based on the material of literary texts may contribute to more profound understanding and solution of the problems of the theory and practice of translation of the non-equivalent lexis. The research materials can be valuable for pedagogical purposes and professional translation of English texts containing non-equivalent lexis into the Russian language.

Abstract: The subject of the study is the features and translation into Russian of texts of English-language business communication (on the example of business letters). The material for the analysis was the English texts of business communication - letters of various types with which the authors worked in the framework of professional activity. Taking into account that the content of the elements of a business letter that make up a document, their design, and placement on the form of the document are set by standards, modern basic standards and differences in the design of business letters in domestic and foreign practice are analyzed, the need for knowledge of the basic standards in the field of office work when translating business communication texts is justified. In the process of research authors used methods of continuous sampling, linguistic observation, description, and the comparative method. The conducted analysis of numerous samples of business letters allowed to describe the basic algorithm of their translation into Russian, taking into account the structural and linguistic features of business letters and including a review of the letter in order to understand its general meaning and determine the type, pre-translation analysis of the text, the translation itself, editing the translation and bringing the translation text in accordance with the structure of business letters and the rules accepted in the domestic office work. Considerable attention is paid to the aspect that is important in the translation of documents but often is ignored by authors and translators - the quality of the translation. The work has practical significance, which manifests itself in the possibility of using the research materials for pedagogical and educational purposes, in the development of textbooks, courses, seminar programs, and also in the professional sphere when translating relevant texts from English into Russian.