Abstract: Author studies the hybrid warfare in the Arctic and peculiarities of war taking into account transformation of paradigm of modern conflicts as a result of transition to nonlinear model of war on the basis of indirect nonsymmetrical actions. Actuality of study is based on the growing role of Arctic region for economy and national security of Russia in conditions of sharpening of a concurrent struggle for the place at arctic field with the participation both arctic and nonarctic nations. The author makes one of the first tentative to study the use in the practice of concurrent struggle in Arctic strategy of hybrid warfare, based on the combination of military efforts with diplomatic, political, economic, information and cyberwarfare methods to fight against the adversary. The author stresses the importance to understand in time the consequences of nonlinear character to organize of counteractions knowing the peculiarities of war, specially based on the transformation of classical understanding of “friction of war” on the arctic theatre. Author demonstrates the directions of study of principles of hybrid warfare in Arctic, strategy and tactic of actions, forecasting and strategic planning of actions to support the national interests of Russia. Author warnings against the danger of Anglo-Saxon strategy оf Indirect Approach based on hybrid technologies with are used by the West against the interests of Russia in Arctic. He grounds the importance of the development in Russia a new strategical approach, based on wide use of adaptive technologies and development a new lows, taking in considerations the peculiarities of Arctic theatre in conditions of use a new model of conflict. Author proposes the measures to protect the national interests and national security of Russia in conditions of profound transformation threats and challenges of a modern time.

Abstract: This paper investigates the determinants of change in modern conflicts in the transition from linear to non-linear models of war. The rationale of the research is caused by the growing tendency of modern warfare to the asymmetric strategies of indirect actions, based on a combination of military efforts with political, economic and informational methods of influence on the enemy for solving problems that were mostly resolved by military means. The methodology is based on a comparative analysis of the strategies of modern war as well as on the analysis of the genesis and evolution of contemporary conflicts. The scientific novelty of research is caused by the fact that work represents one of the first attempts to study the evolution of modern warfare with the involvement of categories of the determinants. The author analyzes two kinds of conflicts, hybrid war and a color revolution as the most prominent examples of the Genesis of war in the era of globalization and information technology revolution. The author gives the detailed analysis of the main components of a hybrid war: the military-political, socio-economic and information. It is shown that in the beginning of the XXI century, with special strength evident by a number of factors contributing to a radical transformation of the meaning and purpose of contemporary conflicts, due to a noticeable shift in the balance of military and non-military forms, means, methods, and technologies not in the power part of the spectrum. The indicated trend is an important factor leading to high-quality modification of indicators determining the conflicts of the new generation of hybrid war and a color revolution. Thus, the transition of contemporary conflicts from the classical linear paradigm to non-linear wars of a new type and the highest form of modern war is a war of civilizations, a war of meanings of their existence. The winner of the war of the senses wins not a space and not even the right to control the resources of the defeated States, but gaining the right to determine its future. This necessitates the development of new strategies to protect the state from a hybrid aggression, which needs to incorporate the non-linear configuration of strategic forces and capabilities.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the strategy of hybrid war. An attempt is made to demonstrate that war alongside any social phenomenon undergoes transformations. At the same time, this entails not the simple process of qualitative transformations that lead to the change of quality. In the conditions of globalization and information-technological revolution, the modern conflicts suffer drastic, qualitative changes. Evolution lead up to revolution that creates new circumstances for further evolutionary development. The transition from old quality to new implies the multiplicity of forms, and only consideration of the specific character of phenomena and historical factors, within which takes place the development of these events, allows understanding which forms trigger the leaps, turns from one quality to another. The methodology is based on application of the evolution of strategies of the modern conflicts of dialectical law of transition from quantitative changes to qualitative as most general law of development. The article also uses comparativist method. The scientific novelty lies in the attempt to use dialectical law of transition from quantitative changes to qualitative for analyzing the genesis of strategies of a hybrid warfare. It is stated that the most profound and comprehensive impact upon the changes in the character and content of modern conflicts is produced by the processes of globalization and information technology revolution, which create the new mechanisms of interaction and interdependence at the global and regional scales. It is illustrated that the paradigm shift of modern conflicts is associated with the trend of transition from the linear to nonlinear model of war based on application of the indirect asymmetric actions. The author examines the changes in framework elements of hybrid war that determine the content of the philosophy of war as humanitarian components of the teaching on war. The logics of strategy of counteracting the hybrid warfare must be structures with consideration of the nonlinear configuration of strategic forces and capabilities. The model of such strategy must reflect the following key tasks aimed at protecting the state from hybrid aggression:
 


Transition from the form of securing the space of military-political, economic, and cultural worldview spheres of the state towards functional control over the most essential strategic elements of each sphere;


Ensuring of possibility of the immediate concentration of crucially important efforts and resources in the most threatened zone. Today this is the front of information warfare.


Directing reconnaissance and its close cooperation with the bodies of military-political administration and armed forces for the purpose of implementation of strategy that allows using the privilege in the threatened areas.


 

Abstract: The object of this research is the information warfare, which can be carried out within the framework of color revolution and/or hybrid war. The subject of this research is the role of strategies of demolition and exhaustion that are being examined with regards to information warfare in the aforementioned conflicts. It is stated that the strategies of information warfare can be viewed as the varieties of strategies of demolition and of exhaustion implemented in conventional conflicts. The author determines the content and mutual influence of the strategies of demolition and exhaustion in the information warfare pertaining to color revolution and hybrid warfare. It is underlined that in the modern conflicts “hard power” is being implemented in combination with the non-military methods of affecting the enemy, including the information-psychological warfare. The author examines the role of public diplomacy and “soft power” in the information warfare. The approaches towards development of Russia’s strategy in counteracting information warfare are being proposed. The main conclusion of this work lies in the necessity of establishment of countermeasures against the disruptive information technologies in political-administrative, cultural-economic, and cultural-worldview spheres, taking into account the use of the two interconnected information strategies of demolition and exhaustion by the adversary. The author’s main contribution consists in justification of implementation of the strategies of demolition and exhaustion in color revolution and hybrid warfare correspondingly. The author is first to attempt to pursue correlation and interconnection between the strategies of demolition and exhaustion in the information warfare of modernity.

Abstract: The research subject is the US and NATO strategy of increase of military pressure on Russia using the containment based on the combination of nuclear-missile, anti-missile and conventional weapons. The most important component of the containment strategy is the use of subversive measures of color revolutions and hybrid warfare.
The author emphasizes that, in the context of the adaptive use of force, the escalation from nonviolent to military forms of struggle becomes possible due to the indistinctness of borderlines between hybrid and conventional warfare and the absence of clear criteria of definition of fundamental characteristics of these conflicts during transformation.
The research methodology is based on the system, structural-functional, comparative political and military approaches, the methods of analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction. The author demonstrates the logic of formation of interrelated strategies in the form of a linkage including color revolution – hybrid warfare – conventional warfare. The author warns that military and political developments of a hybrid war can spin out of control, accidently or out of malice, thus leading to the transformation of a local conflict into a large scale military conflict with a prospect of growing into a global one. The author notes a high degree of inconsistency of the evaluations of hybrid warfare as a possible catalyst of modern large scale conflicts by scholars, military experts and politicians. It promotes the atmosphere of uncertainty in relation to the issues, crucial for the national and international security; it can lead to the misunderstanding and the wrong interpretation of the purposes of the sides of the conflict and the loss of control over the events.
The author suggests to unite the specialists’ efforts aimed at the development of theoretical grounds of the new type wars, including terminology, classification, criteria of conflicts, definition of the role of military and nonviolent measures, etc. The efforts should be concentrated, probably, by means of the creation of the Centre for Modern Conflicts Research under UN auspices.