Abstract: The article considers the peculiarities of socialization of modern Russian teenagers. The author holds an opinion that the current younger generation over certain time will completely replace the older generation in society. That is why the process of socialization of modern youth and factors that affect this process in many ways the future of their motherland, and in fact, the dynamics of social system of their adulthood. Thus, the author analyzes the main channels of socialization of teenagers in modern Russia and its peculiarities. Methodological base of this research is the philosophical methods and principles of cognition – objectivity, universal communication, integrity and consistency, causality and determinism. The scientific novelty of consists in the posing a question about the dependence of social dynamics, including socialization of teenagers, as well as examination of specificities of socialization of the modern Russian youth. The author concludes that teenagers in modern Russia alongside in any other country, face a difficult situation of choice under the influence of many social factors, which imply the key peculiarities of their socialization. Based on the aforementioned provision, it is summarized that if the adults surrounding a teenager desire seeing them as like-minded individual, they should keep the process of their socialization under control.

Abstract: The fate of philosophy as a subject of general education in Russia has been historically inconsistent. Practicing philosophy helps to develop thinking abilities, understand culture of your native country and other countries, collect and unite knowledge about the world, as well as give a holistic idea about the surrounding reality. Such practices should and must be started from childhood, but be different from those with the adults. According to the words of A. F. Losev, such lessons must be oriented towards the development of the “culture of thinking”. The scientific novelty consists in positioning of the question on introduction of the three-level system of philosophical lessons, starting from school and ending with university. The author concludes that philosophy for children as a subject of comprehensive education can be installed into the system of modern Russian education, where it must precede to the “scholarly” level, aimed at study of the philosophy (its history, problematic, etc.) and level of philosophizing as wisdom (according to I. Kant’s classification). However, it would me more efficient to implement the suggested three-level system of philosophical education into the schools-lyceums, which are interested in development of the thinking abilities of their students to the maximal level.

Abstract: The informal youth subculture as the social phenomenon which held a firm place in structure of the modern industrially developed societies passing to post-industrialism step represents the self-organizing social groups producing own subcultures. Without knowledge and understanding of this phenomenon (detection of its intrinsic characteristics, laws of functioning, dynamics of development, etc. that it is obviously possible to make only by consideration it from positions of the social philosophy displaying a phenomenon in its integrity), adequate display of modern social reality is impossible. In turn the phenomenon of informal youth subculture includes a set of various informal youth subcultures (by the principle: "whole" both "part" or "general" and "private"). There is a lot of similar "private" informal youth subcultures in structure of the modern developed societies, and one of them exist a long time, and others very short period; one of them have the name, and others – no; one of them exist locally in any district (the country, the city), and others extend over many countries of the world and have the international character. One of the international informal youth subcultures is the Rastafari, existing already some tens years and come to Russia in the 1990th where she managed strongly to locate. This subculture is considered in article from the point of view of its historical roots, genesis, dynamics, intrinsic characteristics, the reasons of emergence and distribution on the world, and also her outlooks. And the author carries out accurate distinction between religious sect of the Rastafarian and the informal youth subculture of the same name thanks to what eliminates often practiced to a mistake, connected with an identification of religious sect and informal youth subculture. The social and philosophical analysis of informal youth subculture of Rastafari allows to understand the reasons of why this subculture practically didn't gain distribution to the USA, and, on the contrary, strongly took roots in Russia. The methodological base of research are philosophical methods and the principles of knowledge – objectivity, general communication, integrity and systemacity, causality and a determinism. The solution of the studied problems is carried out also on the basis of general scientific research approaches, first of all – system and general scientific methods: synthesis, the analysis, methods of the logical and historical analysis, induction, deduction, idealization, etc. Besides, dialectic, phenomenological, germenevtichesky, logical, historical methods, and also social and philosophical and comparative analyses are applied. The novelty of research is caused by the fact that the author carried out the social and philosophical analysis of the international informal youth subculture of Rastafari which in the 1990th entered life of the Russian society and strongly took its the place in it. The main contribution of the author to research of a subject is that it considered origin of Rastafari as the national liberation movement and tracked further transformation it at first in religious sect, and then in informal youth subculture, having shown, as meanings, both symbolics and many intrinsic moments of the previous stages of the Rastafarian were included into modern informal youth subculture of the same name. Having carried out the comparative analysis of informal youth subcultures of the Rastafarian, hippie and a gothic style, the author came to the main conclusion that in fact these subcultures are identical, and they differ only with subcultural features. Also the author drew a conclusion that for the best understanding of modern social systems it is necessary to study carefully their structural elements inludig informal youth subcultures such as Rastafari.