Abstract: The subject of this research is the two major ideological directions in the Russian history – Communist, the representatives of which in the youth movement was Komsomol, and Christian, presented by the Russian Student Christian Movement (RSCM) in persecution. Both of them played an important role in development of strategic directions in the spiritual and cultural life of the Soviet society and the Russian community in persecution. The educational concepts of Komsomol and RSCM were the product of the intellectual activity of the prominent figures within the Communist and Christian movements in Soviet Russia and White émigré. In the author’s opinion, a comparative analysis of the educational concepts of Komsomol and the Russian Student Christian Movement leads us to understanding of the sociocultural phenomenon of Komsomol, which celebrates its centennial anniversary in 2018. The youth socio-political unions, the work of which is being studied during the period of 1918-1930’s – Komsomol and RSCM – could be distinguished by the following characteristics: religiousness and atheism, individualism and collectivism, separatism and openness, and others.

Abstract: The ideological doctrine of the modern Russia in the area of youth policy is characterized by the search of the optimal variants of organization of the adjoin cooperation of the government and society. The Russian young generation feels a need for development of the certain actions for the effective establishment of the dialogue with the authorities. We can observe a drastic reformation of the mechanisms of government influence upon education of the young generation in all spheres of social life. New economic, political, social, and spiritual institutions are being formed; their activity is aimed at coordination of efforts of the government and society. In this situation, turning to the historical experience of the establishment of youth policy in the Soviet Russia and student movement among white émigré becomes clear. Comparative analysis of the socio-political status and peculiarities of the work of Komsomol and student unions in other countries allowed examining the mechanisms of correlation between the government and youth communities on the stages of their conception. The young generation comprised a significant part of population, which was able and ready to work. And on their work and political activity, as well as on the attitude towards the government, depended the wellbeing and future prosperity of the country. Both, the Komsomol and student unions became an experimental platform for preparation of new personnel.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the analysis of development of the Communist ideology of the youth movements in a number of Western European countries, Central and Southeast Asia, and Cuba. Claim is made that the beginning of the establishment of a society based on the Communist ideas coincided with the transformation of consciousness of the young generations towards the socio-political discourse of the development of national identity. The author attempts to determine the link between these two processes. Based on the brief historico-analytical insight that describes the chronological frameworks of the attempts of the governments of the aforementioned countries to build a “developed socialist” society, a conclusion is made that political control over the youth movements in these countries carried a form of mentorship and ideological effect upon the economic, political, social, and spiritual life of the society. The author also formulates a thesis about the correlation between the party leadership of a particular country with the international Communist labor movement. Among thetheoretical results of this research are the following: 1. Clarification of the notion of political control over the youth movements and its effectiveness within the existed forms of government structure; 2. Grand scale character of the ideological doctrines and predominance of the Communist idea over others; 3. A fairly developed organizational and functional apparatus of the political control; 4. Successive character of organizational and practical activity within the youth movements.