The leaders of the regiments of the Kostroma militia in 1812

Kondrat'ev Nikolai Vladimirovich Chief Librarian; Information Center “K. D. Ushinsky Library” Russian Academy of Education 127550, Russia, Moscow region, Moscow, Dmitrovskoe shosse, 37 building 1, block 134 nickolay.kondratjev@yandex.ru Other publications by this author

Introduction. The study of the history of the Patriotic War of 1812 and the Foreign campaign of the Russian army of 1813-1814 have been important areas of Russian historical science for two hundred years. In Russian historiography, the study of the actions of the regular army during the military campaigns of 1812-1814 is a priority: a significant amount of research materials has been accumulated, documents of this period have been systematized and published, numerous memoirs and memoirs of participants in battles and contemporaries have been published. At the same time, the actions of the people's militia of 1812-1814 still do not have the same wide coverage in the scientific literature.^[42,p.6]

Military historians of the XIX century did not single out the topic of militias as an independent subject of study, but considered it together with the historical description of the actions of the regular army. For example, D. I. Akhsharumov in the "Historical description of the War of 1812" ^[6] only mentioned the formation of the militia as an army reserve, but did not further develop this topic. The same position is expressed in the work of D. P. Buturlin^[16]. Through the efforts of A. I. Mikhailovsky-Danilevsky^[44], and then M. I. Bogdanovich^[12], the richest archival funds were collected, reflecting the formation of the provincial military force and the diverse use of militia units during the The Patriotic War of 1812 and the Foreign campaign of 1813-1814. But at the same time, firstly, the militia was still perceived only as an auxiliary force to regular troops, and secondly, specific provincial militias were not considered as separate areas of historiographical description.

In a number of studies, militia formations and partisan detachments were not separated. This point of view is expressed, for example, by P.M. Andrianov^[3]. Russian Russian Army History Already in the twentieth century, A.A. Kersnovsky in The History of the Russian Army considers the militia of 1812 as part of the national resistance, attributes it as an unprofessional formation and compares it with the partisan movement: "On the Russian side, we see in the Patriotic War a combination of two elements: a relatively small standing army – an army of professionals – and an "armed people" (guerrillas and militia), relying on this army. In other words, in 1812, the Russians "spontaneously" realized what the German mind... thought of only more than a hundred years later. The professional army and the armed people brilliantly divided the work among themselves, as if complementing each other. However, the main importance was, of course, the army" ^{[38, p.264]}.

In a number of studies^[8;13], statistical data are inaccurate or contradictory.

The first thematically oriented studies on the militias of individual provinces appeared in the late XIX- early XX centuries. The subject of these publications was the formation of military forces in the regions, as well as factual material about the activities of individual famous personalities. These topics are reflected in the publications of A.P. Yazykov, V. I. Kolosov, I. F. Pavlovsky, P. Kititsyn and others.^[37;39;80].

Until 1917, the militia theme was the subject of interest of regional historical and archaeological commissions, and their peak activity occurred during the celebration of the centenary of the Patriotic War in 1912. ^[15;43;74] At the turn of the century, specialized publications were let in: "Papers related to the Patriotic War of 1812, collected and published by P. I. Shchukin" ^[16], "Collection of historical materials extracted from the Archive of N. F. Dubrovin's own E. I. V. Chancellery"^[69], materials of the military scientific archive of the General Staff^[52], which included information on militias. V.R. Apukhtin's research had a generalizing character^[4]. It was these publications that accumulated factual material for the study of the history of provincial militias during the Patriotic War of 1812 and the Foreign campaign of 1813-1814, including information about the Kostroma military force. But the growing interest in provincial subjects did not lead to the emergence of individual biographical studies.

In Soviet historiography, the theme of the people's militia acquired an urgent sound during the Great Patriotic War^[14;68], and then during the celebration of the 150th anniversary of the Patriotic War of 1812 it was revealed in two fundamental publications - V.I. Babkin's dissertation^[6] and a collection of documents edited by L.G.Beskrovny^[47]. Nevertheless, this period of historical research was not associated with a deep and detailed study of the biographies of the leaders and participants of the militias. On the contrary, the priority was the study of socio-political problems^[45]. Monographic research and dissertations of the XXI century increasingly have a regional focus^[33;67;76], but are still few in number. A characteristic feature of modern research is the change of scientific priorities. Thus, S.V. Belousov believes that "it is relevant to study the interaction of society and government and determine the effectiveness of the management of the provincial administration in the conditions of free time by the example of studying the formation and activity" of a single militia of the district^[10,p.4].

L.M. Spiridonova^[71] and D.A.Nikolaev^[48] considered the most promising comprehensive study of the militia as a phenomenon and the interpretation of the image of a militia warrior as an example of homo belli, that is, they actualized the study of the history of everyday life.

Based on the analysis of the historiographical heritage of the XIX-XX centuries, it must be recognized that little has been studied, and therefore in demand in the comprehensive study of the people's militias of 1812-1814. the study of the biographies of their participants, and above all the leaders of regiments and other units. The analysis of biographical information on personalities, especially those related to military service before the campaigns of 1812-1814, aims to provide a reasoned assessment of both their personal merits and the overall results of the actions of the Kostroma militia.

The realization of this task is complicated by the fact that a very limited amount of sources and historiographical materials about the Kostroma militia are presented in scientific circulation ^[19;23;32].

In addition, the information saturation of the texts available in circulation is very low: researchers of the XIX – early XX century, and after them researchers of modern Russia ^[20;28] limited themselves only to stating the distribution of command positions.

The compilation of biographical information about the leaders of the militia regiments and their interpretation in the context of the general history of the Patriotic War of 1812 and the Foreign campaign of 1813-1814 remains an undeveloped area and opens up serious prospects for this study.

The course and results of the study. The formation of the Kostroma militia was conducted in accordance with the basic provisions of the Imperial manifesto of July 24, 1812 ^{[26, pp. 9-10]}, which defined the districts and tasks of the militias. Kostroma province, along with Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Vyatka and Simbirsk, was included in the III district of the militia under the command of Lieutenant General Count Pyotr Alexandrovich Tolstoy.

The gathering of soldiers of the Kostroma militia began on September 1, 1812. The documents contain a "List of officials in the internal militia of the 3rd district elected by the nobility to the heads of the militia of the provinces and appointed to the regimental chiefs", in which, in the Kostroma province, "lieutenant General and cavalier Bardakov are recorded as the heads of the militia of the province, colonel and cavalier Prince Vyazemsky, Colonel and cavalier Cherevin, lieutenant colonel and cavalier Shulepnikov, fleet captain of the 2nd rank Makaveev, colonel and cavalier Nebolsin in the cavalry regiment." ^{[58, l.540]}

This information is repeated by V.R. Apukhtin. ^{[4, p.72]} N.N.Vinogradov claims that in addition, a separate battalion was formed in Kologriv under the command of Major Ivan Fedorovich Chagin. ^[19]

S.G. Vinogradova indicates exactly where the regiments were assembled: in Kostroma, the formation of a mounted regiment took place, the commander of which was Colonel Nikolai Andreevich Nebolsin, and the 1st foot regiment under the command of Colonel Prince Alexander Nikolaevich Vyazemsky; in Galich, under the command of Colonel Dmitry Petrovich Cherevin, the 2nd foot regiment; the 3rd foot regiment Lieutenant Colonel Pavel Sergeevich Shulepnikov was appointed commander in Nerekhta; the 4th infantry regiment was assembled in Kineshma, headed by Captain of the 2nd rank Andrei Ivanovich Makaveev, and a separate infantry battalion was formed in Kologriv under the command of Major Ivan Fedorovich Chagin. ^[20]

Chamberlain Sergei Pavlovich Tatishchev was appointed deputy commander of the Kostroma military force. Ensign Platon Vasilyevich Golubkov was elected adjutant of the militia commander (he is also an archivist, he was in charge of all the papers and all the affairs of the militia). The treasurer for raising funds for uniforms was Fyodor Vasilyevich Kartsev, a landowner, titular adviser from Reprev (as indicated by publications of the staff of the Kineshma Museum of Local Lore) ^[7].

In the book by V.R. Apukhtin "People's military force. Noble Militias in the Patriotic War" lists of noble militia members by regiments - mounted and three on foot: mounted – 37 people, 1st on foot – 81 people, 2nd on foot -100 people, 3rd on foot - 94 people^{[4, p.230]}. It is clear from the lists that each regiment was staffed by staff and chief officers, as well as civilians of the appropriate ranks (collegiate assessor, collegiate adviser, titular adviser, collegiate secretary, provincial secretary, collegiate registrar).

Thus, the structure of the militia regiments was as appropriate as possible to the wartime staffing shown in the statutes of the infantry ^[24;77] and cavalry of 1810-1812 ^[9;30;50]

Organizational completeness made it possible, in turn, to effectively manage militia formations, which put them, if not at the level of regular troops, then at the level of recruits. This fact is noted in the "Notes on the Kostroma militia", which, without attribution, were published in the journal "Bulletin of Europe" in December 1815 and are one of the most important sources about the actions of the Kostroma militia. ^[32] "After the surrender, the French themselves admitted that they did not suspect that the Russians were peasants, but thought they were soldiers in disguise, and that this was one military trick to lure them out of the fortress. They could have come up with such a ridiculous idea!" ^{[32, p.300]}

Kostroma local historians are searching for bio-bibliographic data on militia members. Thus, the A.A. Grigorov Foundation^[27] stores materials about six participants in the Patriotic War of 1812-1814: Arseniy Ivanovich Bartenev, Alexander Petrovich Bizeev, Fedor Ivanovich Vaskov, Vladimir Ivanovich Verkhovsky, Pavel Sergeevich Shchulepnikov, Alexander Alexandrovich Yakovlev.

P.P.Rezepin ^[56] compiled brief bio-bibliographic information about nine militia leaders: Peter Grigoryevich Bardakov, Semyon Fedorovich Aladin, Sergei Pavlovich Tatishchev, Alexander Nikolaevich Vyazemsky, Andrei Ivanovich Makaveev, Nikolai Andreevich Nebolsin, Ivan Fedorovich Chagin, Dmitry Petrovich Cherevin and Pavel Sergeevich Shchulepnikov. In the essay "The Nerekht militia" ^[57], he also presented synopses of sources and historiographical materials for the biographies of 12 people: Semyon Fedorovich Aladin, Alexander Petrovich Bizeev, Alexander Petrovich Vysotsky, Peter Yakovlevich Goloperov, Platon Ivanovich Grammatin, Alexander Dmitrievich Kozlovsky, Pavel Alexandrovich Korovin, Alexander Egorovich Kulomzin, Gleb Semyonovich Kulomzin, Alexander Vasilyevich Pazukhin, Alexander Ivanovich Poroshin and Nikolai Ivanovich Khomutov. But there are gaps and inaccuracies in them.

An important source of information about the commanders and members of the militia are orders on awards and orders determining the procedure for returning to Russia. The largest number of Kostroma residents (almost two hundred people) were awarded for their participation in the actions near Glogau – these are the data of the appendix to the report of General Count L. L.Bennigsen to Emperor Alexander I on the capture of Glogau and the awarding of officers of the Kostroma and Simbirsk militias. ^{[47, pp.406-411]}

The Order of St. Vladimir of the 4th degree with a bow was awarded:

· Colonel Prince Alexander Nikolaevich Vyazemsky, commander of the 1st regiment of the Kostroma militia, because "in the cases that happened with the enemy, he showed skill and courage";

· Colonel Dmitry Petrovich Cherevin, commander of the Order of John of Jerusalem, commander of the 2nd regiment of the Kostroma militia, because "he corrected the service with excellent diligence, activity and serviceability and showed courage in matters against the enemy";

· Lieutenant Colonel P.Svobodskoy, battalion commander, "very bravely for the command of the troops during the expedition to Gretsa";

· Colonel Sipyagin, commander of the 4th Regiment for bravery and diligence;

· Captain Chagin for actions during the sortie on October 23;

· 3rd Infantry Regiment, Lieutenant Dmitriev.

Lieutenant Colonel Shulepnikov was awarded the Order of St. Anna, 2nd class.

The Order of St. Anne of the 3rd class was awarded:

· Battalion commander, Captain Makarenkov;

· 2nd Reserve Artillery Brigade of the 61st Company Staff Captain Prince Engalychev;

· Senior adjutant of the 3rd Kostroma Regiment, Captain Rubanovsky;

· 1st Kostroma Regiment junior adjutant Lieutenant Golubkov;

· Kostroma Cavalry Regiment cornet Bekhteev;

· Adjutant Lieutenant Chagin.

The lower ranks of officers received the highest favor:

· 1st Regiment: Staff Captain Ignatiev; lieutenants Avramov, Sergeev; sub-lieutenants Vasilchikov, Skorobogatov, Nikitin, Polyansky; Ensigns Zhirkovich, Semichev.

· 2nd regiment: staff captains Cherevin, Ivashintsov, Perfiliev; lieutenants Nelidov, Zakharov; sub-lieutenants Dedevshin, Nelidov; ensigns Desyatov, Tarbeev.

· 3rd Regiment: Staff Captain Nevelsky; Second Lieutenant Komarov.

· 4th Regiment: Court counselor Pisemsky; Lieutenant Gavrilo-Kataev; Guard Ensign Gasov.

· 2nd reserve Artillery Brigade, 61st company Ensigns Prince Meshchersky, Bolotov, Begichev, Korsakov.

The cornet of the Sokolov cavalry regiment, who distinguished himself in the battles for Dresden, was awarded the Order of St. Anna, 3rd class and promoted to the rank.

For his military services in the Patriotic War, Sergei Pavlovich Tatishchev was awarded the Order of St. Anna of the 1st degree with diamonds from the hands of Emperor Alexander I "for examples of courage and good advice." The King of Prussia awarded the general the Order of the Red Eagle, 2nd class. ^{[75, p.351]}

A synopsis of archival information and historiographical materials, despite the presence of gaps and controversial information, makes it possible to compile brief biographies of some leaders of the Kostroma military force.

1. Pyotr Grigoryevich Bardakov (1755 - 1821)

He began his military service in May 1767 as a corporal in the Izmailovo Life Guards regiment, was successively promoted to sergeant in 1771, to ensign in 1778, to lieutenant in 1779, from 1782 to 1787 he served in the Moscow Army infantry regiment, from there he was appointed to form the Yekaterinoslav Jaeger battalion. During 1789, he participated in the capture of Ochakov (awarded the Order of St. George, 4th degree), fought first at Focshany, and then at Rymnik. He was noted by A.V. Suvorov and appointed commander of the Fanagoria Grenadier regiment, with whom he later distinguished himself at Machin. ^{[22, p.11]}

After the end of the military campaign, he was promoted to colonel and transferred to the Tula Infantry Regiment in 1789, in 1790 to the Uglitsky Infantry Regiment. In 1792 he was appointed to command the Cavalry Grenadier Regiment of the Military Order, from 1793 he served in the Ingermanland Carabinieri regiment^{[22, p.11]}. He distinguished himself during the Polish campaign in 1794. (awarded the Order of St. George, 3rd degree) and promoted to brigadier. Since 1797, the chief of the Kazan Cuirassier regiment with the rank of Major General, then Lieutenant General. In 1799, he was suddenly dismissed. After the death of Emperor Paul I, he was returned to service, but in 1804 he was finally dismissed with the right to wear a uniform and a half-pension. ^{[53, p.49; 70, p.308]}

By the decision of the Congress of the Kostroma nobility on 07/29/1812, he was elected head of the Kostroma militia^{[58, l2;58,l409]}. After returning from a foreign campaign in 18134-1814, he retired, lived in Moscow in the house of his wife Anna Nikolaevna Chernetsova in Bolshoy Kislovsky Lane. He was buried in the cemetery of the Novodevichy Monastery.

There are controversial information in biographical materials about P.G. Bardakov. So, Kostroma local historians believe that young Bardakov was enrolled in the Life Guards Preobrazhensky Regiment. ^{[28, p.268]} But P.G. Bardakov's service record includes the Izmailovsky Life Guards regiment, according to Military Encyclopedia edited by V.F. Novitsky. ^[22,p.11]

In the early 1990s, in the state archive of the Kostroma region, S.G. Vinogradova discovered the diary of the chief of the Kostroma militia, Lieutenant General P.G. Bardakov, sewn into the file called "The list of deserters who came on duty from the Glogau fortress." The diary entries made by P.G. Bardakov from September 12, 1813 to March 12, 1814 are excellent material about the Kostroma militia, about the location of its regiments, about all the battles that were with the enemy. Unfortunately, there is no scientific publication of this document, and in the article by S.G.Vinogradova^[20] it is indicated that the fund burned down during a fire in the 1990s.

2. Alexander Nikolaevich Vyazemsky (1775-1836) ^[55] - graduate of the Imperial Page Corps (1790).He completed his military career in 1803 with the rank of colonel of the Life Guards Cavalry Regiment. ^{[58, l409,]}. He was elected the leader of the nobility of Kostroma county in 1808-1811. He commanded the 1st infantry regiment of the Kostroma militia ^{[58, L.409ob]} and took part in a number of key events of the Foreign campaign of 1813-1814: in the siege of the fortresses of Breslau and Glogau, in the Battle of Leipzig, and also participated in the capture of Dresden, Magdeburg and Paris. He was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir IV degree (1814) ^{[47, pp.406-411]}. Immediately after the end of the Napoleonic Wars, A.N. Vyazemsky retired again and lived as a private person in Kostroma, then in St. Petersburg. He died in 1836 and was buried at the St. Petersburg Mitrofanovsky cemetery. ^{[54, p.509; 66, p.175]}

3. Dmitry Petrovich Cherevin (1772 - 1816)

He was born in the family of retired Major General Pyotr Ivanovich Cherevin. The Cherevin family was one of the oldest Russian noble families, listed in the Velvet Book in 1688 ^[79]. Estates in the Galich district were granted to the nobles by Cherevin as early as Vasily III. ^{[63, p.329]} The Cherevin family is recorded in the VI part of the genealogical book of the provinces of Kostroma, Yaroslavl and Moscow. There are several more Cherevin genera of later origin. ^[64,p.683] The coat of arms of the Cherevin family is included in part 3 of the General Coat of Arms^[51,p.33].

Dmitry Petrovich Cherevin began his military service in the Preobrazhensky Regiment of the Life Guards. In 1797, he was already a captain and aide-de-camp to Paul I, a knight of the Order of John of Jerusalem (Maltese Cross). In 1799 he was promoted to brigadier-major, and in 1800 to colonel and appointed military commandant of Kherson. In the same year, D.P. Cherevin unexpectedly resigned. The reasons for this decision of a completely successful officer are unknown.

From 1800 to 1812. Dmitry Petrovich, together with his father, was engaged in farming in the family estate of Neronovo, Soligalichsky district, Kostroma province. ^{[28, p.73]} After the publication of the manifesto of June 6, 1812 on the convocation of the militia, he was elected commander of the 2nd infantry regiment of the Kostroma militia.

Cherevin's regiment took an active part in the campaigns of 1813-1814: In the battles of Dresden and Reichenbach, the regiment was in reserve ^[58-60], and in September 1813 took part in the siege of the Glogau fortress on the Oder - the main military operation in which the soldiers of the Kostroma militia took part. For the storming of Glogau, he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir IV degree with a bow^{[47, pp.406-411]}.

On February 1, 1815, D.P. Cherevin returned to Kostroma with the regiment. He died in 1816 at his estate in Neronovo, Soligalichsky district, Kostroma province, and was buried in the cemetery at the church. ^{[40, p.77]}

4. Nikolai Andreevich Nebolsin (1785 - 1846)

He came from an ancient noble family, the beginning of which was laid by a certain Nebolsa, one of the five nephews of the Crimean Khan Mengli Giray I, whom he gave to the service of the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III as a sign of eternal friendship and devotion. ^[65]

He received a home education, according to tradition, in early childhood, the Navaginsky Musketeer regiment was enlisted, where he entered after reaching "military age", already having an officer rank. Since 1806, he served in the Life Guards Hussar regiment. He participated in the military operations of 1806-1807 in East Prussia (the war of the Fourth Coalition) and was awarded a gold sword with the inscription "For Bravery".^{[34, p.83]} Merits in the war against Sweden in 1808-1809 were awarded the Order of St. Vladimir IV degree. In 1811, he retired with the rank of colonel. ^{[35, p.139]}

In 1812, N.A. Nebolsin was appointed commander of the Kostroma militia cavalry regiment and participated in the actions of the Russian army abroad as part of the corps of Count P.A. Tolstoy under the Polish Army under the command of General L.L.Bennigsen. The regiment distinguished itself at Dresden and Hamburg: for example, on October 5, 1813, the 2nd squadron of the cavalry regiment was sent from the village of Rohredorf to the village of Maxen to repel the enemy. As a result, "in this case, one staff officer, 3 chief officers and 36 enlisted men were captured" ^[60]. On October 12, 1813, "while pursuing the enemy near the village of Notnitz, he held out under battery shots until up to 800 Russian, Austrian and Prussian prisoners were recaptured from the enemy" ^[47]. October 13, 1813. "a party sent under the command of Colonel Nebolsin to the village of Delen and down the river Wesserice discovered the enemy in the villages of Gittersee, Koszitz and Plazen." ^[59]

N.A. Nebolsin is listed in the list of those presented for the award for the capture of Dresden, among the awards already available to him are the Order of St. Anne of the 2nd class with diamonds, the Order of St. Vladimir of the 4th degree and the golden saber. For the cause of the village of Notnitz, he was presented to the Order of St. George IV degree, according to the totality of merits, an increase in status was proposed "for the highest consideration": the order St. Vladimir's 4 art. with a bow.

After the end of hostilities, N.A. Nebolsin retired. In 1825, he entered the civil service ^{[62, l.71-80]}. On January 30, 1829, N.A.Nebolsin became the Moscow civil governor, and in 1837 he became a senator. In 1841-1844 . He was elected the leader of the nobility of the Moscow province ^{[44, p.88]}. For his civil service, he was presented to the Orders of St. Vladimir, 2nd degree (1834), St. Anna, 1st degree (1830, diamond badges to the order were awarded in 1831) and the White Eagle (1841). ^{[72, p.115]} He died on September 8, 1846 in Moscow, buried in the necropolis of the Donskoy Monastery^{[18, p.322]}.

5. Sergey Pavlovich Tatishchev (1771 — 1844)

Sergei Pavlovich Tatishchev is one of the representatives of the numerous Tatishchev family, which, according to legend, comes from a branch of the specific Smolensk princes – the princes of Solomeretsky (or Solomersky). The Tatishchevs themselves considered themselves descendants of Rurik. According to the pedigree paintings of the XIX century, S.P. Tatishchev belongs to the branch of the family of Fyodor the Great. ^[1;2]

Detailed biographical data of S.P. Tatishchev, collected by his grandson D.A. Eichler, are given in the historical and genealogical study of S.S.Tatishchev, which was published in 1900 in honor of the five hundredth anniversary of the Tatishchev family. ^{[75, pp.105-106]} He took part in the war with Sweden (1788-1790), and was discharged from military service on December 12, 1795. By the beginning of the campaign of 1812. he is a real chamberlain, chief Prosecutor of the 3rd Department of the Governing Senate, Knight of the Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd degree ^{[73, p.6o;75]}

The events of 1812-1814 were a remarkable page in his biography: the real chamberlain of the fourth class and cavalier Sergei Pavlovich Tatishchev commanded the 1st brigade of the infantry regiment of the Kostroma militia, participated in the siege and storming of the Glogau fortress in East Prussia. He was one of the first to enter the surrendered "fort", and subsequently handed over the keys to the fortress to Emperor Alexander I in Paris.

S.P. Tatishchev is mentioned twice in the "Notes on the Kostroma militia".

Firstly, the militia under the command of S.P. Tatishchev occupied one of the dominant heights: "The nearest and most important of the outposts was the village of Pferdgimmel, the high place on which our battery was built, a little more than half a mile away, from two enemy batteries on this side of the small Oder, so that we had the whole Glogau as would be underfoot. The first brigade of the Kostroma militia, under the command of the actual chamberlain S. P. Tatishchev, occupied this post at night, which, due to the overflowing Oder from the rains, was flooded with water all around, went waist-deep into the ford. How surprised the French were in the morning when they saw Russians over their heads!" ^{[32, p.299]}

Secondly, S.P. Tatishchev was named among the military leaders who led the entry of troops into the surrendered Glogau fortress: "When the French troops passed by the allied ones, these began to enter the fortress. Ahead rode the Silesian Governor-General Taube, next to him the head of the Simbirsk militia, the actual state councilor Tenishchev <...>, followed by Blumenstein and the head of the 1st brigade of the Kostroma militia, the real chamberlain Tatishchev, and then their adjutants." ^{[32, pp.307-308]}

S.S. Tatishchev, in his historical and genealogical research, published a copy of a letter from Adjutant General Prince P.M. Volkonsky to S.P. Tatishchev from Paris, stored in the file of the Department of Heraldry. ^{[32, p.351]} The letter on the letterhead of the Office of the Chief of the General Staff dated May 7, 1814 for No. 1045 reads: "By the highest command, I have the honor to inform your Excellency that the Emperor has graciously deigned to grant you the Order of St. Anne, 2nd class, decorated with diamonds, and His Majesty the King of Prussia grants you the Knight of the Red Eagle, 2nd class. On the delivery of the Order of St. Anna to Your Excellency, I now refer to Chief Marshal Count Tolstoy. The latter will be sent to you from the Prussian court. Meanwhile, Your Excellency, in accordance with the highest will, you can now return to your place."

1817 - retired State Councilor

1817-1831 – Kostroma provincial leader of the nobility^[29,p.145]

S.P. Tatishchev was buried in the village of Vichuga, Kineshma district, Kostroma province (now Ivanovo region) in the family crypt at the Trinity Church. ^[78] Neither the church nor the graves of the Tatishchev family have been preserved.

Conclusion. According to the results of the study of biographical information of the leaders of the Kostroma militia of 1812-1814, there are grounds for a number of conclusions. Firstly, the general command and militia regiments were headed by people with serious military experience: participants in the campaigns of the 1780s - 1790s, associates of A.V. Suvorov, participants in the military campaigns of 1805 – 1807. Secondly, among the commanders of military units there were persons with experience of civilian managers. And finally, it is particularly worth noting the full staffing of the militia regiments: from warrant officers to senior officers. This made it possible to put a person with military training at the head of each militia unit. As a result, the militia had high training and discipline, which was manifested in the Foreign campaign of 1813-1814 and when participating in military operations.