Shchedrina Yu.V. State policy in the area of ensuring independence of judges in Russia

Abstract: The subject of this research is the state policy on correction of legislation in the area of judicial independence of the state (crown and peace) courts during 1905-1917. Analysis is conducted on the normative legal acts that regulate the organizational legal (irremovability of judges and special order of prosecution, incompatibility of posts, independence of court from the branches of administrative power) and social law guarantees of independence (high salaries) of judges of state courts in the aforementioned period, as well as the evolution of views of the legislator in their development and enactment. The author concludes that the Revolution events of 1905 I the subsequent modernization of the political system of the Russian Empire required yet another correction in the mechanism of guarantees of independence of judges. Analysis of the legislation, normative acts and legal practice allows the author to argue the established thesis on the attempt of the government to decisively end the independence of judges. It is substantiated that the legislation of this period was characterized by the conscious refusal of the government to limit the most important guarantees, clarification of some of them (incompatibility of posts due to realization of the norms of the October 17, 1905 Manifesto on formation of political parties) and certain expansion of the ties with the judicial reform of 1912.

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