Zhelonkin, V.S. Formation of the institution of the revision of the judgments in the criminal judicial proceedings in the Russian Empire

Abstract: Significant changes were introduced into the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation with the Federal Law of December 29, 2010 N. 433-FZ, and they show that the Russian legislator is searching for the ways to form an optimum model for the revision of judgments in the criminal cases, attempting to bring the provisions on the Russian criminal process closer to the generally recognized international norms. Analysis of the Russian pre-Revolution experience is very important for resolving the above-mentioned problem. However, the Russian scientific legal literature does not pay sufficient attention to the institution of revision of judgments, the studies mostly concern the issues of the judicial reform of 1864, there is almost no analysis of the legislation of XV-XVIII centuries. The methodological basis for this article was formed with the dialectic cognition method. It also involved specific scientific methods, such as systemic structural, specific sociological, comparative legal studies. The article shows that the development of the legal regulation of revision of judgments on criminal cases in XV – early XIX centuries has lead to formation and enshrinement of two such forms in the Russian legislation: appeals and revision, and both involved judgments, which have not yet entered into force. However, the situation was ready for the judicial reform and introduction of novel forms of judgment revision, including those involving judgments which already came into force.

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