Pedagogical conditions for the training of employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the use of physical force and firearms

Krokhina Yuliya Valer'evna ORCID: 0000-0002-0122-5418 Teacher of the Department of Fire and Physical Training, All-Russian Institute for Advanced Training of Employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 142007, Russia, Moscow region, Domodedovo, Fir street, 3 i1lya@mail.ru Other publications by this author

Studying the issues related to the professional training of employees of our department for the use of physical force and firearms during the performance of official duties, we agree with the opinion of many researchers that this happens mainly in the event of extreme situations.

As Volosnikov I.V. points out in his work, the extreme situation is characteristic:

· a direct threat to the life and health of an employee of the internal affairs bodies;

· lack of time for a full assessment of the situation in the adoption

a legitimate, competent and expedient solution;

· a significant degree of responsibility for the consequences of the decision

decisions;

· high tension of emotions;

· the need to overcome a large amount of physical activity characterized by high intensity;

· the need to use physical action with the help of combat fighting techniques, special means and firearms (service) weapons ^[1].

       As noted in their work by Kamnev R. V., Pleshivtsev A. Yu., The training of a law enforcement officer to act in extreme situations related to his professional activity is possible provided that the basic principles of didactics are observed: consistency, gradualness and adequacy, which can be fully implemented in practical physical training classes ^[2].

In the conditions of an extreme situation, an employee must, in a limited period of time, tactically effectively, lawfully and practically expediently use physical force with special means and firearms (service) weapons available to him to eliminate the circumstances of a threat to his life and health, as well as to the life and health of citizens, to neutralize and detain the offender or criminals.

Our analysis of the practice of operational service activities of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation and as well as research  Akhmatgatina A. A. points out that at present it is very important to qualitatively improve the level of professional competence of police officers in preparation for the use of physical force and firearms ^[3].

For example, let's pay attention to a number of statistical data, for example, on the use of firearms by police officers over the past 3 years.

The diagram shows the divisions of the internal affairs bodies as a percentage in the areas of operational and service activities:

Of course, it is necessary to professionally organize the educational process, including in educational institutions of additional professional education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, which will ensure a high level of cognitive activity and intellectual development of students, the development of professional qualities of students, their spiritual and creative potential, effective formation of professional competence of a police officer in the process of training physical and fire training.

We agree with the arguments of experts that it is very important that physical and fire training in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia should be considered as the main type in the system of vocational training.

In the structure and schemes of training, as well as in training programs, it is necessary to include a consistent, comprehensive, systematic approach that will allow you to acquire confident physical and fire training skills during training.

The teacher and the student jointly go through a serious path from the formation of simple skills to the acquisition of complex multi-level skills by the listener, which he will possess after the appropriate training.

Speaking about pedagogical activities to train employees in competent and skillful actions when handling firearms, we must remember that his skills cannot be innate and are not inherited, but are the result of serious painstaking work of the teaching staff and the student himself. It is important to note here that the student's focus on high results is also important, through his personal involvement, willpower and desire to gain knowledge in this area.

In the process of conducting classes on physical and fire training, the teaching staff should always be tuned to a clear formation of the skills of performing official duties among students, a competent assessment of the actions of the offender and his intentions to act, to be one step ahead of the criminal, to know the psychology of the enemy, in connection with which, in addition to theoretical knowledge, it is important to reveal the intellectual abilities of the offender. employees in a complex, and this includes tactical skills and abilities that, together with psychological training, ensure the fulfillment of a set of pedagogical tasks.

 And as a pedagogical result, this is when a student leaves the classroom, gym and training ground who knows how to use weapons, and in physical training classes he acquires strength, flexibility, dexterity, endurance and ability to work.

It is important to note that fire and physical training classes certainly affect the development of a sense of responsibility, mutual assistance, a sense of "elbow", fully have a strengthening effect on the student's body, his health and strength of morale, teach him to work in a team.

Based on our own scientific and pedagogical developments, we came to the conclusion that it is important to study pedagogical techniques in the organization of work with employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in classes on fire and physical training, namely:

· it is very important to study certain concepts and principles of physical culture from the point of view of the academic discipline, which is based on the specifics of teaching in the system of additional professional education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia;

· it is necessary to pay great attention to the study of methods of conducting physical and fire training classes with employees and students arriving for training;

· it is also important to clearly formulate pedagogical techniques that are used in the work of law enforcement officers in physical and fire training classes, taking into account the specifics of their official activities;

· to subject the effectiveness of applied pedagogical techniques and pedagogical tools to a qualitative assessment in working with trainees in classes on fire and physical training in the system of additional professional education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

Separately, it is necessary to touch upon the vocational training of citizens who are first employed in the internal affairs bodies, where during the training they are expected to acquire new professional knowledge, skills, skills, as well as competencies that will later be necessary for the performance of official duties ^[4], of course, including conditions related to the use of physical force, special means and firearms.

As we noted above, often an employee of the internal affairs bodies finds himself in a difficult extreme situation, which in turn requires maximum concentration and dedication from him, when there are only a few seconds, even fractions of seconds, to make the right decision about the use of physical force or firearms against the violator, while the fulfillment of this task must be fulfilled filigree and flawless, taking into account the regulatory framework.

Undoubtedly, today there are constant changes in society, the volume has increased and the tasks that the internal affairs bodies solve have become much more complicated. Crime has acquired a new look and color, more and more new types of illegal acts are replenishing daily criminal reports, changing the criminological characteristics of the corpus delicti. But, despite this, the state position remains unchanged that the training programs of employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia should always include targeted physical and fire training classes, taking into account the latest pedagogical technologies, because this is an integral part of the combat capability of police officers.

During the educational process, it is very important for the teaching staff to achieve the manifestation of the physical qualities of the student, which are different in their orientation, where, on the one hand, special endurance will be dynamically manifested, and on the other hand, key abilities will be formed, which can be expressed in the target accuracy of his movements. From the point of view of pedagogy, it is very important that these qualities develop in parallel, and for this it is very important to plan the optimal ratio of means and methods of training in the learning process ^[5].

As R.R. Sadekov notes in his work, it is important to follow the established regulatory legal acts in the field of official activities of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation, regulated by a clear procedure for the fulfillment of goals and tasks facing the divisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the main reflection of which is enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation (adopted by popular vote on 12.12.1993 with amendments approved during the all-Russian vote 01.07.2020), Federal Law "On Service in the Internal Affairs Bodies of the Russian Federation and Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation" dated 30.11.2011 No. 342-FZ, Federal Law "On Police" dated 07.02.2011 No. 3-FZ, etc. One of the most important regulatory legal acts in the system of professional training of police officers are the Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated July 1, 2017 No. 450 "On approval of the Manual on the organization of physical training in the internal Affairs bodies of the Russian Federation" and the Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated November 23, 2017 No. 880 (ed. from 01/25/2021) "On approval of the Manual on organization of fire training in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation" ^[6].

An important pedagogical aspect is that it is necessary to systematically develop the personal qualities of employees, where unambiguously, in the case of a correct understanding and strategic assessment of emerging circumstances, an employee will be able, through his chosen tactics and techniques, to use physical force and firearms in an emergency situation, a set of accompanying qualities will help him quickly understand a critical situation and effectively organize the solution of this operational service task.

In order to solve such pedagogical tasks, during the training sessions, it is very important to pay special attention to complex activities related to the study of the basics of fire training and the basics of physical training, where, in accordance with the educational program, the full algorithm of all necessary actions of the employee will be repeatedly worked out, brought to automatism.

One of the priority tasks related to the training of teachers' own professional level is an effective educational strategy in the form of a permanent School of Pedagogical Excellence, organized on the basis of the Center for Personnel, Psychological, Pedagogical and Medical Support of the Institute's ATS activities.

It is noteworthy that training in our department is always based on basic pedagogical principles, a full cycle of pedagogical activities is carried out with students, where the entire arsenal of pedagogical techniques, techniques, methods, approaches and rules is involved, as a result of which students acquire a set of necessary competencies for the subsequent high-quality performance of official tasks in the units at their location.

In turn, it is important to note that the teaching staff of the educational organization of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, which is involved in the preparation and conduct of classes on fire and physical training, must have the highest level of professionalism, masterfully possess pedagogical technologies and techniques, have all the necessary competencies in this area, and, of course, it is important that the teacher must have pedagogical creative potential ^[7].