Features of the formation of patriotism in the course of teaching humanitarian academic disciplines of the Department of Psychology and Pedagogy of the Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

Kipreev Sergei Nikolaevich ORCID: 0000-0002-3948-8360 Postgraduate of the Department of Social and Humanitarian Disciplines of the Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 350005, Russia, Krasnodar Territory, Krasnodar, Korenovskaya str., 2/4, sq. 273 komissar.1917@mail.ru Other publications by this author

Introduction

Today, for a police officer, the most important skill in working with people is the ability to understand the reasons for committing certain illegal acts, choose methods and means of preventing antisocial behavior in specific situations of official activity.

M. A. Mazur, in one of his studies, remarkably describes the features of patriotic education: "the problem of patriotic education of police officers has become one of the most urgent, and its special importance is explained by the fact that it was at the epicenter of a number of other problems related to it that affect the interests of the state as a whole. Employees of the Department of Internal Affairs have certain powers of the executive branch, inform the public of government decisions, which imposes special requirements on their personality, including high morality and conviction in the correctness of the actions being implemented, loyalty to the state" ^[6].

The systematic representation of the teaching process and the associated process of forming a sense of patriotism is justified in the works of A.Y. Trifonov, L.R. Nazarova, V.S. Musienko

The use of methods, organizational forms and means of implementing the content of education in the process of forming a sense of patriotism has been studied in the works of such researchers as K.S. Gordeeva, A.N. Lebedeva, V.O. Leonova, I.N. Khazeeva, Ya.A. Kholodey.

At the Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs In Russia, humanities are studied in all courses of study at the departments of Psychology and Pedagogy, History of State and Law, philosophy and Sociology.

In the course of studying the humanities, "a constructive personality formation takes place, the correct ideas about eternal, enduring human values are consolidated in the consciousness of a young person: love for the Motherland, striving for peace, respect for others, reverence for ancestors, care for elderly parents, protection of children" ^[4]. In our opinion, the use of the educational potential of the educational process is necessary for the formation and functioning of the system of patriotic education in an educational organization. The formation of a sense of patriotism has always been carried out, and will be carried out through the educational and educational environment of the educational institution.

We share the opinion of E.N. Ivanov that "the specificity of the humanities and humanitarian knowledge makes it possible to realize not only the values of humanitarian education, but also the values associated with education proper, since it contributes to the formation of humanitarian thinking. Humanitarian knowledge influences the formation of personal value orientations that form the basis of moral consciousness. It is moral consciousness that programs moral culture, as it is connected with a person's worldview" ^[4].

All this gives the police officer the opportunity to study the disciplines of psychology and pedagogy. It is important for an employee of the internal affairs bodies to be motivated to serve and have a desire to benefit the Motherland and society through their activities.

Psychological disciplines allow cadets to take a fresh look at the world and service. N. G. Stepanova and N. A. Vasilyeva spoke quite succinctly about the understanding of the phenomenon of patriotism by the humanities: "from the standpoint of psychology, patriotism is a feeling acting as a supra-conscious process in the sense that its content and time scales are larger than anything that it can accommodate consciousness. Passing through consciousness with their individual components, they as a whole are beyond it. Patriotism, unfolding in the form of a long and strenuous work of human consciousness in readiness for harsh military labor, the hardships and hardships of military service, self-sacrifice and heroism. Patriotism is a qualitative characteristic of a social subject, indicating its acceptance of the values of the national state, the values of the culture of its people and country as the leading elements of its value-normative system, determining the orientation and intensity of its activities in various spheres of life" ^[8].

One of the main functions of the department in the activities of an educational organization is "the organization of educational work as a purposeful activity to form a set of professional and moral qualities among students due to the needs of operational and service activities" ^[5].

The FOS describes that during the teaching of the discipline "Prevention of extremism among youth", cadets develop the skill of "carrying out measures to prevent and suppress manifestations and dissemination of extremist attitudes, xenophobia, criminal subcultures in youth environments" ^{[5, p. 118]}; they acquire skills in determining the competencies and powers of state bodies and officials: "taking into account the polysystem nature of the reasons contributing to the involvement of minors in offenses; obtaining information about informal youth associations, external signs, the functioning of informal youth associations, socio-psychological characteristics of members of informal youth associations; identifying persons participating in informal youth associations based on an integrated approach, based on organizational and legal measures" ^{[5, p. 88]}.

In the course of studying this academic discipline, as well as a number of others taught at the department, it is perhaps most effective to form a national type of patriotism. Within the framework of the content of legal academic disciplines, it is impossible to include a large amount of information material to form a sense of patriotism, therefore, in the process of patriotic education, the potential of humanitarian disciplines should be used.

The educational function is to assimilate the cadets' collective experience, customs, rules and norms of behavior that have developed in the process of fostering patriotism. It contributes to the formation of a system of spiritual and moral values among them, "serving as the basis of their patriotic views and beliefs. This function forms the cadets' practical experience, which consists of actions and actions consciously subordinated to fostering a sense of patriotism" ^[9].

The key method in the framework of our research at the Department of Psychology and Pedagogy is the elemental method developed by us on the basis of the partial method. An example of the use of conceptual and meaningful types of information material introduced into the content of educational material is Topic 1.5. "The main components of countering extremism and terrorism", from the materials of this lecture, more than 60% of the educational material can be used as information for the education of patriotism. About 20% of the information material in terms of content is suitable for patriotic education in Topic No. 5. "Psychological and pedagogical prevention of extremist and terrorist attitudes in the adolescent and youth environment", during which a contextual method of updating the content of education can be used. Moreover, in the educational question No. 1 "The main directions of countering youth extremism in the Russian Federation", more than 35% of the educational material can be used as information to form a sense of patriotism.

An example of sentential methods of updating education can be such questions as: What is the role of the state's policy on countering extremism in supporting the national and cultural characteristics of citizens? How much do you share the opinions of the authors? What role do national feelings play in a person's life?

When using implicit methods, patriotic information is conveyed to the objects of education implicitly, and is accepted during programming questions. Such questions may include the following: Did you know that harmoniously developed ethnic feelings of a person are an important component of a sense of patriotism? Are you aware of the fact that the normal development of society cannot take place without ensuring the national interests of the state?

A striking example of semantic methods of updating the content of education is the consideration of nationality and national feelings within the framework of psychology, when students are explained the norms of interethnic relations, the place and role of the Russian people on the world stage, are "vaccinated" against Russophobia, Nazism and other forms of deviations from the patriotic norm.

When solving situational tasks, the cadets develop spiritual and moral values that contribute to the development of various types of feelings of patriotism.

According to L.G. Sakharova, "the emotional and value aspect of spiritual and moral education is realized in the organization of pedagogical activity, in which emotional components are introduced into the content, forms and methods of education, stimulating the creative embodiment of morally educating situations containing potential opportunities for the internalization of moral values by a person" ^[7].

The topic 3.4. "Correctional impact in the prevention of extremist and terrorist attitudes among young people" is of great practical importance for patriotic education. Its study ensures that the qualifications of employees carrying out preventive measures to prevent and suppress offenses and antisocial actions on the part of minors correspond to the changing conditions of professional professional activity and the social environment.

A large number of researchers have set the task of identifying qualitative features, criteria grounds that allow us to build a classification of feelings of patriotism. The most systematic and cited were the works of S.S. Volkov, T.D. Dubitskaya, I.L. Kishey, M.L. Knyazeva, L.V. Mordovina, P.I. Shunkov.

Following M.M. Kuchukov, M.V. Ratz, B.B. Garmaev, O.Y. Uzunova, we have made an attempt to isolate the author's typology of the feeling of patriotism, and the semantic method has been chosen as the basis. This method was used in the study of patriotic semantics by A.V. Grischuk, V.N. Levina, E.G. Malysheva, V.D. Mansurova.

In the modern information space, among scientific works, using the analysis of text units, we have identified the main types of patriotism, grouped into types of feelings of patriotism, graphically presented in Figure 1:

Figure 1 – The typological structure of the feeling of patriotism in the human personality system

During the experiment conducted at the Department of Psychology and Pedagogy, we revealed a positive dynamics in the formation of a sense of patriotism according to those types of feelings of patriotism for which patriotic information was introduced into the content of education. This indicates the effectiveness of the method we have chosen to form various types of feelings of patriotism and the success of its application.

G. A. Gurdjian believes that "the formation of a subject of professional activity is a consequence of a person going through a difficult path of development, preparing to enter the world of professions, mastering professional activity, adapting to it and improving professional skills" ^[3].

Changes in the levels of patriotism formation (without raw scores) in the control and experimental groups are presented in Table 1:

Table 1 – Results of experimental work on the formation of a sense of patriotism using methods of supplementing the content of education at the Department of Psychology and Pedagogy of the Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs Of Russia

The results of the experimental work indicate that during the special educational impact, it was possible to significantly increase the level of formation of national (by 3.9%) and socio-cultural (by 4.1%) levels of patriotism among the participants of the control group, but it was not possible to achieve positive results on the family and household type of patriotism. The reason for this is that it is not the educational environment that is more suitable for the formation of a family-like sense of patriotism, but educational activities, during which it is necessary to use the educational potential of family values.

The individual score obtained during the survey determined the level of formation of the components of a sense of patriotism among the cadets, according to the formulated scale of levels of formation of a sense of patriotism. Comparison and analysis of the results allowed us to formulate a conclusion that, quantitatively, the cadets of the experimental and control groups had no significant differences in the levels of development of various components and types of feelings of patriotism: a high level was diagnosed in 52% of the cadets of the experimental group and 53% of the control group; above average – in 19% of the participants of the experimental and 17% of the control group, the average level - in 22% of the subjects of the experimental group and 27% of the control group; low level - in 13% and 12%, respectively. Consequently, at the beginning of the diagnostic study, the cadets of both groups revealed a similar level of formation of the components of a sense of patriotism.

We also noted a significant increase in the level of state and national types of patriotism, which occurred due to the planned influence of educational work bodies and unit commanders, as well as patriotic activists who did not participate in the experiment.

Conclusion

Meanwhile, the development of a sense of patriotism and a system of spiritual and moral values of the personality of students makes it possible to improve the quality of police performance of official duties. The search for ways to increase the effectiveness of educational work through the use of the educational potential of spiritual and moral values, and innovative forms of education of patriotism, their practical application, taking into account the requirements of state educational policy and the realities of modern life, is an important problem of higher education pedagogy.

These studies indicate that the methods we have used to form a sense of patriotism are effective and can be recommended for use in teaching humanities in the educational and educational process of educational organizations. N. G. Stepanova and N. A. Vasilyeva show the role and place of the humanities in the activities of internal affairs agencies as follows: "at all historical stages of the functioning and development of internal affairs bodies, the task of forming a professional, competent, patriotically educated, morally and psychologically stable employee of internal affairs bodies who meets the requirements of the relevant period of development of society and internal affairs bodies has been and remains urgent" ^[5]. It is the humanities such as pedagogy, psychology, sociology, and cultural studies that successfully cope with this task.

Thus, we can conclude that the education of a sense of patriotism is possible and necessary to be carried out within the framework of teaching academic disciplines by supplementing the educational content of departmental universities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia with patriotic information. Such a process will be most effective if it is carried out by competent persons, trained accordingly, and who are interested in conducting educational work aimed at forming a sense of patriotism.