Abstract: For completeness and accuracy of meaning, most of new concepts, both in Russian and in English, are expressed using phrases or compound words. But multicomponent terms, are often quite cumbersome. That is why there is a need to shorten terms and use abbreviations. The object of the study is the phenomenon of abbreviation of English terminology in business and scientific discourse. The subject of the work is the analysis of the structural and semantic features of the abbreviation lexical units, the ways of forming English-language abbreviations and their translation into Russian.
The article uses comparative research method to compare complete terms and their abbreviations to identify structural and semantic transformations; method for analyzing semantic structure of abbreviations to establish their common and distinctive properties; method of contextual analysis to determine the degree of linguistic economy through the use of abbreviations and to identify differences between semantically similar abbreviations.
The novelty of the research lies in the identification, analysis and generalization of ways of education and translation of English-language abbreviations in business and scientific communications. Inaccurate translation of abbreviations can change or distort the intended meaning. To transfer foreign-language abbreviations into Russian, such methods can be used as searching for a translation equivalent, full borrowing of an abbreviation, transliteration, transcription, translation of an abbreviation, translation of an abbreviation and creation of an abbreviation in the translating language, transcription of the letter-by-letter pronunciation of an abbreviation.
Among the main difficulties of translating abbreviations are difficulties in identifying abbreviations and problems of their correlation with complete lexical unit, as well as the phenomenon of homonymy of terminological units.
It is important to take into account the normalization of translated text and its compliance with literary and linguistic norms and cultural traditions of target language.

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the formation of English-language neologisms as a result of lexical and semantic nomination. The object of this research is the changes in the lexical system of modern English language based on the analysis of media and online publications. The subject of this research is the methods of formation of neologisms in the late XX and early XXI centuries. The author determines the most common methods of the formation neologisms in digital periodicals, online news websites, forums and blogs. Analysis is conducted on such methods of word formation as affixation, conversion, formation of complex words, shortening and hybridization, abbreviation, etc. It is noted that the majority of neologisms result from lexical nomination. The goal of this article lies in analysis of the formation of neologisms used in the English lexicon for a long period of time, and thus have acquired a certain official standing. Such lexical innovations have been included or are in the process of being included into the official English language. An attempt is made to reveal the key features of methods of formation of neologisms, which are of primary importance for the communicative and social activity in their broadest sense. Majority of neologisms in the language, which is over 70%, result from the lexical methods of word formation; while the share of neologisms formed via semantic derivation is only a few percent of the total number of lexical innovations.