Abstract: The subject of the study is the peculiarities of the organization of the activities of the prison guards of the Russian Empire at the end of the 19th century. The object of the study is the main directions of the organization of prison guards of the Russian Empire at the end of the 19th century. The study of the experience of organizing the activities of prison guards of the specified period in our country is necessary to understand the origins of the organization of services for the maintenance and protection of persons in modern similar institutions. The author used the following research methods: analysis, synthesis, description, comparison. It was necessary to study the historical experience of the organization of the prison service of the Russian Empire at the end of the 19th century in order to understand the main strengths and weaknesses of these measures to ensure the safety and security of persons in custody. It was concluded that the activities in penitentiaries depended on the situation in the country from the point of view of the law enforcement legislation. Therefore, every penitantiary employee must remember that tricks of the persons held in custody will be circumvent if made by competent preventive actions. Therefore, it is necessary to study the historical experience of prison guards in order to adopt positive aspects and exclude violations of the conditions of service of modern places of detention of suspects and accused of committing a crime.

Abstract: The subject of the study is the specifics of the organization of the service for the protection and escort of persons detained in the Russian Empire in the period 1718–1917, using the example of the Peter and Paul Fortress. The object of the study is the main directions of organizing the activities of the Peter and Paul Fortress as a place of detention in our country for the protection and escort of persons held in it in the period 1718–1917. Studying the history of the experience of organizing the activities of places of detention in our country is necessary to understand the origins of the requirements for the organization of security and escort services for persons held in modern similar institutions. After all, ensuring security during protection and escort is part of the overall national security of modern Russian society. Research method: general scientific research methods (analysis, synthesis, description, comparison) were used, the basis was the dialectical method of cognition. It was important to study the historical experience of the organization of this service and to trace its transformation and change of tactical techniques for its improvement during the time indicated in the title in order to understand the main weaknesses of these activities. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that it was proved that during the specified historical period, only constant vigilance during the guard and escort service in relation to persons in custody made it safe for the employees themselves and for the citizens of the country. It is concluded that the measures for protection and escort on the basis of the specified place of detention were improved depending on the behavior or actions of the persons held in it. Therefore, every modern employee of the convoy service of our time should remember that any tricks of persons in custody will be stopped if you are brave, vigilant and resolute. In this regard, it is important to conduct classes and trainings based, among other things, on the experience of previous generations of convoy units, since the tricks of detainees may be repeated over time, taking into account the development of new technologies.

Abstract: The subject of the study is the organization of professional training of police officers aimed at obtaining the competencies necessary to perform official duties in modern conditions. The object of the study is the educational programs of professional training of police officers in the position of an employee "Policeman", currently being implemented in educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The author analyzes the features of professional training of police officers, as well as problematic issues that arise during its implementation.The examples of illegal acts against police officers are analyzed, which show the need to improve the effectiveness of vocational training and its orientation to the practice-oriented component. As a result of the analysis, solutions are proposed aimed at improving the effectiveness of professional training of police officers, forming the necessary competencies for law enforcement activities in modern conditions. Changes in the content are proposed for the formation of competencies necessary for the performance of official duties as close as possible to the practical law enforcement activities of the police. The recommendations necessary for the organization of training that meets the requirements for the acquisition of professional competencies reflecting the current conditions of police service are given.The proposed solutions will make it possible to implement measures aimed at improving and matching the professional competencies of police officers necessary in modern conditions of service.