Organization of Professional Training of Police Officers aimed at Obtaining the Competencies Necessary to Perform Official Duties in Modern Conditions.

Soloveichik Maksim Vyacheslavovich PhD in Pedagogy Associate Professor of the Department of Organization of Police Work, St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 192283, Russia, Saint Petersburg region, Saint Petersburg, Pilutova str., 1, room 410 soloveychik1977@gmail.com Other publications by this author

Introduction

As you know, the police in Russia is designed to counter crime, and is also obliged to immediately provide assistance to anyone who needs its protection from criminal encroachments.^{[1, v. 1]}

In order to realize its purpose, the police is endowed by the State with functions that are related, among other things, to the implementation of state enforcement measures. In order for the implementation of these rights to be carried out effectively, police officers should receive high-quality professional training that would form competencies that contribute to service in modern conditions.

The Russian police carries out its activities based on the tasks assigned to it by the state. To solve these problems, it is necessary, suppressing illegal manifestations on the part of individual citizens, to enter into a confrontation with offenders, from which our law enforcement officers do not always come out with honor.

In connection with the above, the author defines the purpose of this work – based on the results of studying the opinion of the scientific community and information on examples of law enforcement activities, to analyze the current state of professional training of police officers and formulate recommendations on areas that contribute to the formation of their professional competencies, demanded by society at the present stage.

Methods:

The legislation of our country in the field of education defines vocational training as the acquisition of professional competencies by persons of different ages. At the same time, professional training for the position of an employee "Policeman" is allocated, which is understood as the training of persons who previously had no previous position of an employee.

The professional training program for a police officer is implemented by educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia as follows. All training is divided into 3 cycles: general professional, professional, professional-specialized. The general professional cycle includes theoretical knowledge of the profession, professional – physical and fire training skills, professional-specialized – special skills and skills of police officers required during service. ^[1]

The issue of the effectiveness of vocational training as a pedagogical direction and, in particular, future police officers in modern conditions has been repeatedly considered in the scientific community and in the media.

Thus, N.V. Sharapova and E.A. Unzhakova define vocational training as professional training of personnel, which represents systematic training and the release of qualified specialists to carry out activities in a certain field, possessing a set of qualities. ^[2]

Seleznev V.I. believes that police officers, having mastered the professional training program, must meet the requirements necessary and sufficient to perform professional and official tasks in the profession of "policeman" and learn first of all "police craft" as a profession, have the opportunity to be able and ready to perform their official functions.^[3]

At the same time, D.F. Paletsky and E.V.Anishchenko draw attention to the fact that more than three hundred law enforcement officers die every year while performing their official duty, about one and a half thousand are injured, and this statistic has not changed these days.^[4]

The reason for this sad statistics is the lack of orientation of professional training in the training of police officers to the realities of everyday official activity.

Thus, it is impossible not to trace the dependence on the quality and structure of vocational training to the level of professional skills of police officers, on which their own lives directly depend.

After all, as noted by V.I. Khalzov and A.S. Kropanov, describing such an important academic discipline as "Physical training" in the activities of modern police, training programs in educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia are more focused on solving the tasks of teaching motor actions and developing physical qualities.^[5]

The solution of these tasks is definitely insufficient, because the professional competencies of modern police officers should be a logical continuation of the functions that the state has endowed the police with, and they are as follows:

- protection of society and the individual from unlawful encroachments;

- detection and disclosure of crimes;

- suppression of administrative offenses;

- search for persons;

- law enforcement in public places.

Thus, by imposing the requirements of vocational training on the requirements for the professional competencies of police officers, it can be concluded that vocational training programs should be prepared taking into account the possibility of immersion in modern law enforcement and reflect its challenges and requirements.

One of the main methods of vocational training, as A.A. Rachko rightly believes, is the method of modeling professional activity in a particular field. This method consists in the analysis of the subject and functional aspects of professional activity in order to describe in detail the functions of a specialist, on the basis of which a system of requirements for professional knowledge and skills necessary for the performance of relevant professional duties is determined.^[6]

Currently, one of the sad realities of the professional activities of police officers is the facts of attacks by citizens in the performance of their duties to protect public order and fight crime.

The source of information about these facts is often the mass media, and often the citizens themselves. After all, shooting using mobile devices is quite popular at the moment, and shooting police activities in real time is doubly popular. Here are some examples.

In November 2021, a traffic police officer in the Chelyabinsk region detained a man who was driving a car while drunk. After the detainee was placed in an official car, he inflicted several stab wounds on a law enforcement officer.

And on September 8, 2021, the accused of committing particularly serious crimes was taken to the Rostov District court to participate in the court session. Having asked the police officer performing the functions of protection and escort to take him to the toilet, he hit the policeman with an iron sharpener and took possession of his service weapon.

Also in the Irkutsk region, in November 2021, police officers, responding to a statement, went to the address and found a previously convicted person with a knife in his hands. He refused to comply with the legitimate demands of the employees, resisted and hit one of the employees several times.

And on February 17, 2022, during a document check, a foreign citizen showed aggression against police officers of the 8th police department on the Moscow Metro. Mobility restrictions were used to detain the offender. At this time, his friend ran up, struck the employees several blows and disappeared.

The above-mentioned examples of aggressive behavior of citizens and not always successful and professional repelling of an attack by law enforcement officers in the performance of their official duties directly raise the question of new approaches to the professional training of representatives of the police power structures of the Russian Federation.

Therefore, according to the author, the inclusion in the educational process of training police officers of elements modeling the extreme conditions of service by students for the protection of public order, the disclosure and investigation of crimes, the suppression of offenses is relevant today. ^[6]

It must be remembered that the activities of each police officer can take place in extreme conditions and it is necessary to prepare for such actions during professional training. After all, quite rightly D.F. Paletsky and E.V. Anishchenko ^[2] emphasize that the most characteristic feature of extreme unusual conditions is the lack of time during which decisions are made and techniques and actions are performed. Unusual conditions create high nervous and emotional tension and, thereby, have a strong effect on the body.

 Professional training, built in this way, will, as the author sees it, contribute to the effective formation of the required knowledge, skills and abilities necessary for the performance of duties by police officers.

If there is a superficial attitude to the professional training of future police officers, then this will give rise to a simplistic approach to the implementation of these training programs.

 This approach, according to A.I. Kuznetsov and D.V. Litvin, is unjustified, since the professional training of police officers must meet the qualified requirements of educational standards and the requirements of modernity. ^[7]

The facts of the attack mentioned earlier on police officers and, frankly, not always a professional response to them, directly raise the question of new approaches to professional training of police officers of the Russian Federation.

The issue of training future law enforcement officers has always worried practitioners and the scientific community, and now citizens are also concerned. After all, thanks to modern telecommunication technologies that provide information, they can observe the facts of illegal acts against police officers in real time, which creates a feeling of lack of social security from criminal encroachments and creates tension in society.

Conclusion

Thus, the current level of aggressiveness of citizens, as well as the facts of attacks and threats against police officers, should encourage relevant state institutions to create training programs that reflect the reality of the operational situation on the territory of modern Russia. This underlines the relevance of the problem raised in the article.

In the current situation, according to the author, it would be relevant to use developing learning technologies known to many teachers when teaching police officers. This technology assumes on the basis of flexible management of the educational process to correct and form the personal attitudes of students. ^[8]

As M.G. Sergeeva rightly notes, the basis of this technology are significant situations that represent the background on which personality development takes place in the learning process with the possibility of independence and creativity in cognitive activity. ^[9]

The basis of this technology will be the educational process, built taking into account the daily practical activities of the Russian police at the present stage, which presumably can lead to the acquisition of a holistic professional personal experience of the student. ^[10] This experience, in the future, will form the basis of the professional competencies necessary for the service of police officers in modern conditions. ^[11]  

When organizing training, relying on this technology, it is assumed that each future police officer will consistently form a holistic professional practice-oriented position.

However, it is impossible not to pay attention to another of the conditions for the success of vocational training, which was given by A.I. Naumov and O.V. Mramorova. These authors defined vocational training as a purposefully organized, systematically and systematically implemented process of mastering knowledge, skills, skills and abilities under the guidance of experienced mentors, specialists and managers. ^[12]  

Thus, the second conclusion of this article will be formulated as follows. In addition to "immersion" in the professional law enforcement environment of students, a necessary condition for the success of the educational process is the organization of its teaching staff, who have not only pedagogical, but also practical experience in policing. Otherwise, modeling of law enforcement situations may be far from reality and may not bring the expected results of professional improvement.