Abstract: The subject of the study is the coping strategies and protective mechanisms of 1st and 4th year students with different levels of adaptability.
Successful adaptation of a student is an important condition for successful educational and cognitive activity. Based on this, the problem of studying the adaptation process and determining the factors that affect the success of this process among students is relevant. Significant and important factors influencing the adaptation process of students are coping strategies and the protective mechanism of personality. Students of 1st (30 people) and 4th year (29 people) were examined. Significant differences were obtained in the groups of highly, medium and low-adaptive 1st and 4th year students in terms of psychological defense parameters and coping strategies. The study was conducted using the following methods: the methodology for diagnosing the socio-psychological adaptation of K. Rogers and R. Diamond, the Plutchik – Kellerman – Conte questionnaire "Lifestyle Index", the questionnaire "Methods of coping behavior" by R. Lazarus. The scientific novelty of the study is related to the results obtained in the diagnosis of coping strategies and defense mechanisms of the 1st and 4th year students with different levels of adaptability. 1st and 4th year students with a high level of adaptation have similar mechanisms of psychological protection, namely: rationalization, compensation, as well as similar types of coping strategies: problem solving planning, self-control, taking responsibility. 1st and 4th year students with a low level of adaptation have differences in the mechanisms of psychological protection, namely: 1st year students have such types of psychological protection as: regression; coping strategy – escape- avoidance; 4th year students have types of psychological protection – denial; coping strategy – search for social support.

Abstract: The subject of the work is the development and implementation of a program for the regulation of negative psychological states of karate athletes from 8 to 14 years old. The purpose of this study is to develop an effective program aimed at correcting the negative psychological states of karate athletes from 8 to 14 years old during preparation for competitive activities. In our work, we analyze the methods of psychological regulation of karate athletes from 8 to 14 years old during the preparation for competitive activity. In the teaching of the karate section, there are a number of problems associated with a decrease in the cognitive activity of students, with a decrease in the level of health culture, which is due to a number of factors: improper nutrition of athletes, bad habits (alcohol, smoking), a small amount of sports in life (the development of physical inactivity), workload in training, etc. These factors force teachers to look for new ways in teaching and educating students. In this work, the psychological states of karate athletes from 8 to 14 years old for competitions were studied. We have developed a program for regulating the psychological states of karate athletes from 8 to 14 years of age in the pre-competition period of training by organizing work with model situations in which athletes can detect psychological difficulties associated with motivation to achieve success, anxiety and stress, as well as together with the coach to find ways to resolve them, during which there will be an increase in motivation to achieve success and stress resistance and reducing the level of anxiety.
In the course of the study, after testing the program, changes in the level of anxiety (its decrease) and motivation (its increase) occurred in 83.3% of respondents.