Abstract: The subject of this article is the grammatical category of tense. The majority of linguists tend to define tense, the ratio of action to the moment of speech. The object of this research is the ways of translating past tense forms from English to Russian. The goal of this article consists in the analysis of functionality of the forms of expression of past tense in a professional text and translation techniques. The sentences selected via method of continuous sampling from online publications dedicated to the topic of transport, served as the material for this research. Analysis is conducted on 5,680 sentences. Examination of the language material employs the method of continuous sampling and quantitative analysis is used. Despite the fact that the grammatical category of tense in both English and Russian languages is well studied, translation of the category of tense has not been scrutinized within the framework of linguistic translation studies, which substantiates the relevance of this work. The novelty lies in systematization and quantitative description of the techniques of translation past tense forms from English to Russian. It is established that there are three main techniques of translating past tense forms into Russian: 1) using nonverbal means or infinitive verbs; 2) using nonpast tense forms; 3) using past tense forms. The choice of perfective or imperfective verb in translation is determined by the presence of additional grammatical meanings in the tense, as well as the context

Abstract: The subject of this research is the approaches towards studying railway terminology as the language for specific purposes. Transport and namely railway terminology holds an important place in the terminological system of English language. The author explores the basic interpretations of the concept of “language for specific purposes”, as well as such approaches towards studying railway terminology of English language as semantic, structural and etymological. Semantic approach consists in classification of terms by semantic groups. Structural approach analyzes the number and nature of components that comprise terminological units in this area of LSP. Etymological approach reviews the origin and evolution of the meaning of terminological units. The scientific novelty consists in comprehensive description of the approaches towards studying language for specific purposes on the materials of professional field “railway transport”. Research methodology includes the analysis of scientific literature, analysis of dictionary definitions, comparative method, and diachronic analysis. The conclusion was made that the same approaches are applicable to the analysis of railway terminology and to the analysis of language for specific purposes of any other professional sphere. At the same time, systematicity and hierarchical pattern of the acquired classifications indicated a high level of formedness and systematization of terminology under review.  

Abstract: The subject of this research is the different automotive and traffic terms in the English language from the perspective of their variance. The article explores the similarities and differences between the terms of the topic group “Automobile Transportation” in the British and American variants of the modern English language. Special attention is given to the etymology of the terminological units in questions. On the examined examples of terminology, it can be observed that some basic concepts carry national arrangement within the American and British tradition of formation of terminology. For selection of language material, this article utilizes such sources as The Oxford English Dictionary, The Dictionary of Transport and Logistics, Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners, Oxford Dictionary of Current English, Cambridge Dictionary Online, and Collins English Dictionary Online. The scientific novelty of this research is justified by the insufficient elucidation of the problem of territorial variance within the English language on the material of transportation terminology, which is a reflection of national perception of the surrounding world. The authors make a conclusion that despite the importance of the standardization and formalization processes, it is necessary to remember that terminology vastly reflects professional worldview.