Abstract: The article deals with the problem of a collective subject in the conditions of the spread of digital communications. The classification of collective subjects is a definite problem for legal science. There are social, political, and economic collective entities. A collective entity exists under the following conditions. Firstly, there should be a possibility of constant communication between the members of the team. Secondly, the team conducts one or more types of common activities. Thirdly, the team members participate in the development of directions and ways of future activities. Fourth, they can directly or indirectly influence decisions on the choice of one of the proposed options for future activities. The spread of digital communications significantly increases the connectivity of large teams. There is a possibility of existence of geographically distributed collective entities, whose members are located in different countries. The research method is based on the analysis of changes in the ways of communication between individuals who make up a collective subject. Digital networks allow for discussions (including those protected by cryptography), voting, foresight, the use of digital signatures, and automatic logging of all communication. Compared to telephone communication, digital communications allow the simultaneous participation of hundreds of people (collective chat). The speed of e-mail transmission is thousands of times higher than the speed of written messages. The new tools allow for video conferences with demonstrations of graphic and tabular materials. Voting using secure protocols and digital signatures is possible. There are decision support systems, computer models (digital doubles) of objects that need to be managed to make decisions. All this leads to a significant change in the quality and effectiveness of collective subjects. New types of collective actors (virtual communities) are emerging, which ultimately influence events in the real world. Legal science needs to start studying the processes of digitalization and comprehend their theoretical significance for jurisprudence.

Abstract: The subject of the study is the interaction of the ideal and material components of political, cultural and socio-economic processes influencing them in large socio-economic systems such as religions, sciences, ethnic groups, regions and states. The concept of social ideo-material polysystems (SMPS) is proposed. IMPS are holistic systems that include social, cultural and economic components that make up a complex society. A feature of such systems is that some of the elements of these systems are material, and some are ideal. A polysystem is a supersystem consisting of fuzzy irregularly interacting ideo-material systems (IMS). It is substantiated that IMPS, consisting of people, artifacts and biological organisms, form integrity due to the system of ideas that unites them. It is the systems of ideas that give meaning to social IMPS, uniting communities, determining their behavior and direction of development. Approaches to the quantitative study of ideal subsystems of IMSI are proposed.
Methods: use of systemic, holistic, evolutionary and informational approaches.
The highest type of IMSI are civilizations, the most complex known systems in the Universe. A feature of such systems is that some of the elements of these systems are material, and some are ideal. IMS, consisting of people, artifacts and, in some cases, animals and plants, form integrity due to the system of ideas that unites them. These ideal systems manage social IMS, unite communities, determine their behavior and direction of development. IMS are very diverse: they can be scientific communities in which science brings together scientists, scientific instruments, theory, texts, social institutions, buildings; these can be religions in which the scripture unites priests, parishioners, temples, sacred texts and attributes. The complex of ideas on which these systems are based is of a holistic character.
Conclusions: The proposed concept of ideo-material polysystems can be used to deepen the study of political systems.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the concept of national security as a continuing maintenance of the historical strategy for development of the nation, which is a self-reproducing autopoietic system. Such systems are characterized by self-reproduction of their own elements. Special attention is turned to the national culture (a set of knowledge, ideologies, and values) that is an ideological part of the integral socioeconomic system. The author substantiates the holistic nature of nation, in which ideological part must intrinsically correspond to materialistic part, ensuring its functionality in its ecological niche. The article examines the dilemma between the requirement to preserve culture as a part of national security policy, and the requirement of its continuous development for maintaining competitiveness of the nation in the context of development of the global. Research methodology is based on the concept of ideomaterial polysystems – the systems, part of which is ideological, and part materialistic. The holistic character of these systems is emphasized. The main conclusion lies in the thesis on the role of ideological part of national state (culture) in its maintenance and development; as well as about ideomaterial essence of nation, polysystematicity of the national state, need to create a subsystem for managing cultural development, possibility of pilot testing of the ideological innovations at the regional level.