Abstract: The object of scientific study was the socio-adaptive behavior of the young generation of Bashkortostan. Special attention is paid to the effective adaptation of this social category to the system of market relations, the ability to quickly integrate into it. On the basis of ethnosociological research, the author analyzes in detail the degree of youth's mastery of modern labor skills, such as knowledge of foreign languages, the ability to work on a computer, drive a car, contact people, etc., and also reveals his orientation to entrepreneurial activity.
Methods of quantitative analysis and synthesis, correlation of information obtained from various groups of sources (historical, sociological, etc.) were used in the study. Elements of statistical processing of digital data were used in the compilation of tables. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the appeal to the peculiarities of the manifestation of social adaptation of the youth of the region in a synchronic cross-section. Despite the ambiguity of the perception of their prospects in the future, because a little more than half of young people look to the future with hope and optimism, while a small part, regardless of nationality, with anxiety, uncertainty, to a certain extent, with ever-present fear and despair. At the same time, the data of the ethnosociological study showed that, in general, the social group in question effectively adapts to the system of market relations, skillfully and promptly joins it.

Abstract: The subject of this research is bilingualism in the context of language policy in modern Bashkortostan. Special attention is given to actualization of the ethno-lingual identity of non-Russian population in the republic. Leaning on the ethnosociological studies, the author examine the scale of proliferation of national-Russian bilingualism in Bashkortostan, analyze the key markers in selection of the native language among some ethnic groups, as well as determine the role of Russian language as a language of interethnic communication. The novelty of this work lies in the attempt to determine the intensity of usage of national languages of non-Russian peoples and their interaction with the Russian language based on the wide-scale ethnosociological studies. The acquired results demonstrate that among Bashkir population, the native language still prevails over Russian by the level of language competence; while among urban Tatars, the Russian language has noticeably exceeded the native language of communication. At the same time, the results of ethnosociological research, confirming the results of the All-Russia Population Census of 2010 on the language competence of the residents of Bashkortostan, testify to the fact that their speech activity is oriented mostly towards learning Russian than the language of their ethnicity.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the language and cultural development of ethnic groups in the polynational region. The object of this research is the Tatars of Bashkortostan. The problems of ethnocultural development of Tatar language population in Bashkortostan in the late 1980’s have become an accelerator in creation of Tatar national cultural clubs and organizations, which raised concerns regarding the studying of Tatar language in schools of the Republic, creation of theatres and philharmonic halls in Tatar language districts, expansion of the mass media in Tatar language. Methodological foundation is the historical-chronological method that allows revealing the indicated processes in diachronic cut, as well as sociological method that views the language and cultural development of Tatar minority in polynational region in synchronic cut. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time with the attraction of normative document on language issues and results of sociological survey, an attempt was made to describe the language and cultural development of Tatar language population in Bashkortostan. A conclusion is made that all of the aforementioned problems to a certain extent were realized by the republican authorities, although some questions remained unnoticed and were not removed from the agenda. Among the paramount, in accordance with an opinion of Tatar intelligentsia, is recognition the Tatar as national language alongside the Bashkir and Russian. The author underlines that insufficient TV and radio coverage in Tatar language, as well as lack of organization of education in the native Tatar language. The listed problems have constantly been raised by the republican authorities.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the mechanisms of preservation of ethnicity and transformation of ethnolinguistic identity among Tatar population in the multinational republic under the altered socioeconomic conditions that affect the ethnolinguistic and ethnocultural development of the indicated ethnic group. The pointed mechanisms are viewed in comparative aspect with other ethnic groups. The object of this research is the Tatar population of Bashkortostan. The authors set a task to examine the preservation and transformation of the ethnic and linguistic identity of ethnic groups in the multinational region. Methodological foundation implies the historical-chronological method that allows revealing the aforementioned processes in diachronic cut, as well as sociological method that considers social grounds of ethnolinguistic development in synchronic cut. The scientific novelty consists in the fact, that for the first time with involvement of the results of the two All-Union and All-Russian censuses, the authors attempted to reveal the ethnic and linguistic identity of Tatar population in the Republic of Bashkortostan, in which a certain part of the indicated ethnic group does not have a sustainable identity. A conclusion is made that in the multinational republic, despite the prioritized implementation of language of the title ethnic group as a compulsory course for studying, the non-title part of population remains the adherers of advancement of their native languages. At the same time, takes places the process of adaptation of the non-Russian population to the Russian language. Most vividly in manifests among Tatar population that has the highest rate of preservation of their native language on one hand, and excellent command of Russian language on the other.