Abstract: This article is dedicated to examination of the important professional competencies of aerospace engineers and specificity of their professional activity. The study represents an expert assessment of the activity and important professional competencies of aerospace engineers. The research program consisted of several stages. The first stage includes the formation of the relevant expert group and assessment of the characteristics of activity and important professional competencies based on the methodology of expert assessment of I. L. Solomin. The second stage implies the expert ranking of the important psychological characteristics in the activity of aerospace, and determination of psychological factors that affect the solution of professional tasks. Based on the acquired results, the author reveals the socioeconomic, industrial-technical, and psychological characteristics of the activity of aerospace engineers. The most important professional competencies of aerospace engineers include: attention span, ability to predict, psychic stability, memory, imagination, and distress tolerance. The effective solution of professional tasks by aerospace engineers requires psychological resilience to external influences, ability to maintain attention control, etc. The acquired data can be valuable in assessment of the important professional competencies of young specialists, as well as carrying out a set of measures aimed at developing attention span, ability to predict, and psychic stability.