Abstract: The subject of the study is the lexical layer of the modern Chinese language. The object of the study is lexical gaps - words realities, denoting objects and phenomena of material and spiritual culture, specific to Chinese people and nonexistent in the Russian language. The aim of the study is to highlight the questions of ways of overcoming the difficulties in translation these lexical units from Chinese to Russian. Authors examine the definitions of the multivalued term "translation', indicators of adequate translation, and also a classification of words realities and ways of transferring their meanings in the target language. The study was based on the method of continuous sampling of language material from lexicographical sources, descriptive and comparative methods. Examples of words realities in the Chinese language with translation into Russian are presented. The peculiarities of translation of the exoticism from the Chinese language to Russian are revealed. The results of this research can be used in the study of the vocabulary of the modern Chinese language, in the practice of its teaching, as well as in the preparation of textbooks.

Abstract: The subject of the research is the lexical layer of modern Chinese. The object of the research is the verb-and-object complex 离合词 líhécí. The aim of the research is to cast light on the functions of the verbal and nominal elements of a Chinese verb-and-object complex that is marked with a fixed word order. The authors of the article analyze different interpretations of this controversial linguistic phenomenon of modern Chinese. The authors focus on the description of different variants of using verb-and-object complexes and provide examples in Chinese and their translation into the Russian language. The research is based on the method of continuous sampling of the linguistic materials from lexiographical sources and study books; and comparison. The authors describe the functions of 离合词 líhécí in a Chinese sentence. The verb-and-object complex of modern Chinese has a number of grammar peculiarities that differ it from commonly used verbs. The results of the research can be used to further study vocabulary of modern Chinese, to write study books and in teaching practice.