Abstract: This article is dedicated to examination of verbal means of expression of authorial commentaries in English fiction. The relevance of the selected topic is defined by the fact that the question of characteristics of authorial commentaries remain an insufficiently studied area within the framework of interpretation of a literary work. Such linguists as R. Posner in the “Theory of Commentaries”, I. V. Arnold in the “Stylistics of Decoding”, and N. D. Arutyunova in her work “On the Problems of Structural Linguistics” have been dealing the topic at hand. Examination of the authorial commentaries allows assessing the depth and wholeness of the literary work. The article presents the analysis of linguistic means of functionality of authorial commentaries in the English-language novel “Sister Carrie” by Theodore Dreiser. Authorial commentaries manifest as one of the means for explication of dialogical nature of the literary text. Linguistic means emphasize the expressiveness of authorial commentaries within the framework of progression of a storyline. Most of the authorial commentaries in T. Dreiser's novel “Sister Carry” represent the contrasting contexts, reflected in the development of two thematic lines. To the first theme includes the associative series: beast – nature – the forces of life. The second semantic layer is demonstrated in the line: human – man – free will. Contrasting contexts originate the oppositions not only on the level of meaningful-logical information, but also on the level of subtext.

Abstract: This article is dedicated to examination of the poetic discourse in cognitive linguistics, as well as consideration of the problem of modeling of conceptual metaphor based on the poetry of L. Cohen in the period from 1976 to 2016. It is also relevant to explore the cognitive metaphorical system of such type of discourse. The article contains the analysis of modeling of the conceptual metaphor on the grounds of the most frequent spheres-sources and most common to them spheres-objectives in the poetry of L. Cohen, which allows determining the individual peculiarities of the poetic style of L. Cohen. The works of G. Lakoff, M. Johnson, V. A. Maslova, Z. D. Popova, I. A. Sterin served as methodological framework for this research. The scientific novelty is defined by the fact that in the poetic discourse metaphor manifests as a crucial means for the creation of original images that reflect the author’s poetic outlook language picture of the world juxtaposed to the everyman’s worldview. Poetry of L. Cohen represents unique source of metaphors for studying the cultural concepts of modernity. The application of contemporary theories allows determining the individualism of his poetic style. The exploration of linguistic distinctness of his poetry provides interesting material for consideration of language and ethnic pictures of the world.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of the image in political linguistics and the consideration of the problem of the substantive aspect of the speech image of a politician, which is due to the exceptional role of the image for the politician as an active public figure. One of the most notable social institutions of our time is politics, the interest in the study of which by linguists has been steady recently, since many political actions are by their very nature speech. The article includes an analysis of the functioning of language means when creating an image of a politician. In the course of their research the authors have applied the following methods: analysis of vocabulary definitions, introspective analysis, statistical analysis to define the frequency of language phenomena. The main conclusions of the research are as follows: the use of language tools in D. Trump's public speeches, which is mainly due to the objectives of these speeches, the main task of which is to make a strong impression on the audience; stylistic techniques at the phonographic, lexical, lexical-grammatical and syntactic levels, through which the speaker maintains the attention and interest of listeners, activates the process of perception and affects the addressee to achieve the goal.