Abstract: This study is conducted within the framework of a relevant scientific research objective consisting in the accumulation and development of regional human capital. In the conditions of uncertainty, risks and resource scarcity, the regional authorities are facing the task of optimal distribution of the budget between strategic projects, which exert direct or indirect influence upon the development of regional human capital. On the example of Primorksy Krai, the goal of this research consists in structuring and approbation of a dynamic optimization model for formation of an optimal portfolio of regional strategic projects form maximally efficient development of human capital in the region. The authors develop a dynamic model in form of a task of a mathematical programming and describing the impact of regional strategic projects upon the human capital indexes in the region. As the target function, the work uses weighted average of the degree of meeting the objective value of regional human capital development indexes on the examined horizon of planning. The functional dependence of human capital indexes upon the volume and structure of investments, forming from the regional budgetary and private spending on the implementation of the projects and ensuring procedural activity on the regional level, serve as lagged econometric models. Variables for conducting optimization are represented by the Boolean variables of inclusion of the project by one or another vector of investing into the project portfolio in a particular moment in time. The optimal portfolio of strategic projects is proposed in annual dynamics, based on the results of the modeling and quantitative calculations made on the example of Primorsky Krai. Such portfolio provides for maximal efficiency in reaching objective values of development of the regional human capital indexes.

Abstract:  
The subject of this research is the econometric modelling for assessing the impact of the evolution of human capital upon the socioeconomic development. The object of this research is the process of influence of human capital upon the socioeconomic development on the example of Russian regions. The goal of this work is the quantitative assessment of the effect of evolution of human capital upon the dynamics of socioeconomic processes. The main hypothesis of the research lies in the thesis that the regional human capital exerts significant influence on the ongoing regional socioeconomic processes. It is suggested that there is a direct correlation between the level of development of human capital and the effectiveness of socioeconomic development of the territories; at the same time, the character and closeness of such correlation is differentiated in accordance with the regional clusters. Methodological foundation contains the modern provisions of econometrics, theory of human capital, and macroeconomic theory of sustainable growth. Based on the formed database (43 indexes over the period from 2011 to 2016 for 71 subjects of the Russian Federation) using the Best Subsets method, the authors structure the econometric models (linear and nonlinear) that functionally describe the dependence of socioeconomic development from the level development of the regional human capital. For avoiding multicollinearity of indexes, as well as reducing the dimension of models while maintaining the quality of information, the authors apply the principal component analysis. The models are built for each of the five clusters determined by the authors in the previous works. Data processing is conducted in R environment considering panel data model.
 

Abstract: The subject of this research is the development trends of automobile manufacturing in China. The object of this research is the automotive industry in China viewed in the context of global internationalization of this sector. The relevance of this topic is substantiated by its scale and the impact produced upon the development of the country’s national economy, as well as the world market of automotive products. The main scientific-practical problem is the uncertainty of future development of the national automotive industries alongside the high level of their interdependence. The goal of this research is to actualize the general trends of automotive manufacturing development in China on the background of global internationalization of the industry. The authors substantiate the main factors of development of modern global automotive industry, highlight the trends of development of automobile production in China in comparison with current global leaders in the industry. The article also examines the factors of development and internationalization of the automotive industry in China at its present stage, namely: the role of foreign investments into development of China’s automotive manufacturing; and the key features of import and export of automobiles in China.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the job market issues associated with the internal labor migration that has taken unprecedented scale in China, as well as viewed in the context of domestic threats to national security of the country. The object of this research is the Chinese labor market, transforming under the influence of the development of internal migration. In the course of its economic development and restructuring, modern China faces the acute social problems caused by the differentiation of personal income, poverty, exploitation of workers, and in turn, provoking social strain. The goal of the work consists in determination of the key problems of China’s job market in the conditions of heavy labor migration that represents a threat to the domestic stability of the country. Methodological foundation of the research contains the positions of modern theory of market economy, particularly the job market; migration systems theory; concept of national security; system approach and statistical analysis. The article substantiates the relevance of examining the job market in terms of active internal migration for modern China, highlights the basic trends in development of job market, identifies and studies the key job market issues alongside their correlation with the threat to domestic security of the country, introduces the main directions for solving the indicated issues. Among such problems, the author underline the extremely long duration of the working day, lack of full-fledged social security of the workers and especially migrants, discrimination in employment sector, lack of professional education, work-related diseases and problems with upbringing and education of children.  

Abstract: The subject of this article is the current trends in development of Russian exports of food products and agricultural raw materials, which have developed in the difficult international economic conditions for Russia. The object of this work is the Russian export of a special, strategically important commodity group – food products and agricultural raw materials. Development in export of food products and agricultural raw materials is an important direction of Russian foreign trade, along with the export of raw minerals. The main scientific and practical problem of the article is the change in dynamics and nature of exports of some commodity groups in the transition to a new level of production and export of Russian food and food raw materials. The purpose of the research is to actualize the trends in development of Russian exports of food products and agricultural raw materials. The article substantiates the urgency of the subject, examines the dynamics and share of exports of food and agricultural raw materials in the total volume of Russian exports since 2000, as well ass presents the factors of growth in export of Russian food products in 2015-2016, analyzes the dynamics and structure of the most important commodity groups such as wheat, fish and vegetable products. As reasons for the growth of food exports, the article indicates the devaluation of ruble, good crop yields, and the policy of import substitution and export stimulation.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the innovations viewed as the basis for sustainable development of national economies of the modern developing countries and examined on the example of the largest developing nation – China. The object of this research is the national economies of developing countries that reach relatively stable rates of growth due to establishment of innovative economy. Change from industrial development strategy towards postindustrial is characterized by the increase in production of the high-technology products and is an intrinsic feature of the leading developing countries of the world. The main scientific practical task for this article consists in the yet insufficient realization of the innovation potential, needed in order to ensure sustainable development of the developing countries. The goal of this research revolves around the actualization of the trends of implementation and determination of the key features of innovations as the foundation for sustainable development of national economies of the developing countries (on the example of China). The article substantiates the relevance of the research of issues pertaining to development of innovations on the level of national economy, as well as determines the general characteristics of the global process in development of innovations and projected onto the Chinese economy. The work also examines the stages of formation of China’s innovative economy, as well as provides broad statistical base for implementation of innovations in the China’s research and development sector, scientific educational field, and business innovations.

Abstract: The subject of the article is the problems of accounting at small business enterprises in Russia in relation to contemporary theoretical researches and changes in accounting laws. The object of the research is the accounting policy of small business enterprises operating in under conditions of incomplete and regularly changing information space in this area. The main scientific and practical problem of the article is a number of difficulties in accounting conducted by small enterprises and individual entrepreneurs. The purpose of the article is to raise the problems of accounting at  small business enterprises in Russia, to give their classification, and identify their causes and possible solutions. The methodological basis of the article is the general theses of modern accounting theory, the theory of taxes and budgets, the concept of priority development of small business in Russia applied through the system analysis. The authors substantiate the role and importance of small business in the development of Russian economy, and emphasize the need for a fast solution of problems related to accounting in small enterprises. The problems of terminology and conceptual apparatus, criteria for selecting the status of enterprise, advantages and disadvantages of Federal Law No. 402-FZ of 06.12.2011 «On Accounting» are considered from point of view of business. The problems of accounting and reporting by those economic entities that were previously exempted from accounting until 2013 were identified. The specifics of accounting for individual entrepreneurs are also considered, advantages of maintaining the usual form of accounting based on the double entry principle and advantages of shifting to international financial reporting standards are justified. The possibilities of automation in accounting for business transactions, the compliance of accounting and tax accounting data and some other issues have also become the subject of study in this article.

Abstract: The subject of the research is the labor potential of Far East, considered in the context of the problems of regional economic development and national security of Russia. The object of research is the Far Eastern region as a priority area of development, which in the XXI century became the locomotive of economic growth and a national security guarantor in the Asia-Pacific Region (APR). The main scientific and practical problem of the article is the gap between the need to ensure a high threshold of national security in the Asia-Pacific region and the limited labor potential of the region. The purpose of the article is to study the process of formation and development of labor potential in Far East of Russia in the system of economic growth and the strengthening of Russia's national security. The methodological basis of the article includes the general theses of the modern economic and political sciences, in particular, national security, the theory of development of labor potential, human capital theory, used by system analysis. The author proves the significant role of the labor potential of the region to ensure the national security and its strategic role in the sustainable development of the modern Russian economy, determines the historical conditions of formation of labor potential in the Far East, considers state support ways of its growth in the twentieth century and actualizes tendencies of its development in the late XX - beginning of XXI centuries. The study reveals the reasons for the depopulation of the region and the potential loss of employment in the last quarter of a century, and on this basis, considers factors and causes of aggravation of threats to national security today. The article describes the necessity of recovering and increasing employment potential, underlines the leading role of the Strategy of socio-economic development of the Far East until 2025 in the development of human capital, which is implemented through the concept of territories of advancing social and economic development (TASED). Special attention is paid to various ways of recovery of labor potential in the Far East. The research results are valuable in terms of updating the current problems, determining the prospects of formation of labor potential and strengthening of national security of Russia in the Asia-Pacific region.