Abstract: The subject of this study is the translation of Russian literature of the second half of the XX century. The author traces how the genre features of the texts affect the reader's and translational understanding of the works on the material of the central translations for Russian postmodernism of the works of Benedict Erofeev and Sasha Sokolov. Based on the material of the most striking examples the author examines ways of transmitting such characteristic techniques as a combination of elements from different registers, as well as a sound wordplay, rhyming and rhythmization. The research was based on the translations and the stage adaptation of the poem Moscow-Petushki and the translation of the novel School for Fools. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the author analyzes the Spanish translations of Russian literature in the linguopragmatic aspect and explains the nature of the translational transformations associated with the discrepancy between the linguistic pictures of the world. The analysis confirms the thesis that the main reason for all translational transformations is to assume the original genre setting and specific ideas about Russian literature of the second half of the 20th century.