Abstract: This article is dedicated to one of the key problems of social philosophy – the phenomenon of human alienation. The subject of this research is the ontological grounds of alienation. The goal consists in determination of the existential foundation of alienation as a complicated socio-ontological phenomenon, as well as differentiation of the narrow and broad sense of the concept of “alienation”. In the narrow sense, alienation implies the process, when the products of human activity and activity itself obtain the status of autonomous agents opposing to human. In a broad sense, alienation is interpreted as an ontological distinction within the structure of being. For revealing the ontological grounds of alienation, the author attracts and reconsiders the ideological arsenal of philosophical anthropology, fundamental ontology, existentialism, personalism, Marxism, and post-phenomenology. The ontological interpretation allows comprehending the anthropogenesis, historical development of human, and evolution of human mind in the context of the terms of alienation. Thus, the first is interpreted as a self-alienation of the world; the second – as alienation of human from himself; and the third – as an ideal of appeal of the world towards itself, realized through human spiritual activity. All elements of the triad form an ontological basis doe alienation in the narrow sense.

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the history of evolution of philosophy of the gift. The goal of this work is to trace how the topic of gift and reciprocity of gifts, formulated within the framework of ethnographic studies in the early XX century, eventually exceeded the limits of ethnography and social anthropology, and became the subject of philosophical reflection on the background of widely different intellectual traditions – from structuralism to post-phenomenology. The author demonstrated that the attempts to solve the “riddle of gift” lead to the emergence of a specific dorealogical pattern in the modern philosophy. The author comes to a conclusion that on evolutionary path of dorealogy, the philosophers proposed the four key interpretations of the gift: 1) the gift was discovered as an archaic, but at the same time the best and most preferable principle of organization of the public relations; 2) the gift was viewed as a source of the relations of power; 3) the experience of gift giving was associated with the procedure of mutual recognition between people; 4) the grounds have been detected for aligning the concepts of “gift” with suc important concept of phenomenology as “givenness”.