Abstract: The object of the research is the civil status of peasant (farm) households, both legal entities and associations of citizens who are not registered as legal entities. The subject of the research is the civil relations connected with the organization and activity of a peasant (farm) household. Currently in Russia there are only approximate objective data on the number of peasant farms and property of household memers, etc., without which it is extremely difficult to determine the necessary nature and extent of state and legal impact on the existing relations. There is a number of obvious problems in the legal regulation of the status of peasant farms. The methodology of the proposed research is mostly formal law which allows reveal the content of legal concepts determining their characteristics, classifying them, interpreting the meaning of regulatory prescriptions, etc. The significance of this research is caused by the fact that the task of import substitution set for the economy of the Russian Federation is associated not only with the introduction of new high-tech productions but also with the expansion of already existing, first of all, productions ensuring food security. The implementation of the policy of import substitution led to a rapid growth in production in peasant farms while experts expect a multiple increase in the number of farms which will require to eliminate many gaps and conflicts of their legal regulation.