Abstract: The object of this article is an in-depth research on the grounds of rethinking the vast historical materials on a multifaceted problem of historical and cultural specificity of the genesis of Russian entrepreneurship and various compositions of its relationship with the government. Based on the analysis of the economic reforms of Catherine the Great, the author examines the problem of establishment and main parameters of the Russian model of relationship between entrepreneurship and the government. A special attention is given to Catherine the Great’s policy to remove restrictions and significant limitations on development of private entrepreneurship from government authorities; the difference between this policy and preceding and future compositions of relations between entrepreneurship and the government; measures on strengthening the role of entrepreneurship, state policy on stimulation of entrepreneurial activity, and creation of a favorable environment for its development within the historical and cultural context of the correlation of formal and informal rules. Among the main conclusions is the fact that despite the importance of Catherine the Great’s reforms, the dominant business strategy and criterion for success of entrepreneurship in Russia, remained the acquisition of the businesses of others, rather than creation and effective management thereof.

Abstract: The object of this article is an in-depth research on the grounds of rethinking the vast historical materials on a multifaceted problem of historical and cultural specificity of the genesis of Russian entrepreneurship and various compositions of its relationship with the government. Based on the analysis of the economic reforms of Catherine the Great, the author examines the problem of establishment and main parameters of the Russian model of relationship between entrepreneurship and the government. A special attention is given to Catherine the Great’s policy to remove restrictions and significant limitations on development of private entrepreneurship from government authorities; the difference between this policy and preceding and future compositions of relations between entrepreneurship and the government; measures on strengthening the role of entrepreneurship, state policy on stimulation of entrepreneurial activity, and creation of a favorable environment for its development within the historical and cultural context of the correlation of formal and informal rules. Among the main conclusions is the fact that despite the importance of Catherine the Great’s reforms, the dominant business strategy and criterion for success of entrepreneurship in Russia, remained the acquisition of the businesses of others, rather than creation and effective management thereof.

Abstract: The second part of the article analyzes tendencies of repetition of particular institutional schemes and historical sources of conflict interactions and actual experience in conflict resolution at the Russian society. Based on the conceptual analysis of the 'cold' and 'warm' societies, generalized model of political processes in non-Western societies and 'limited access procedures', the author of the article describes the conflict model of society, types, structures and peculiarities of invariant conflict situations as well as the combination of developed and usable methods of conflict resolution and a number of stereotypical scenarios of conflict behavior. The analysis of social, psychological and political mechanisms of conflict resolution has allowed to define the two types of conflict style of the transitional society. The variety of all national systems of conflict institutionalization can be presented in the form of the political and social continuum reflecting the ability of societies to adjust to conflicts or even manage them for their own benefit. The problems experienced by the Russian society now are caused by the absence of such a political and social continuum. Conflicts are not managed rationally. They may seem to be 'resolved', but actually they are just suppressed.