Abstract: The object of this research is the youth of Buryat-Mongolian ASSR as most active social group within the social structure of 1941 – 1945, which was the major source for replenishment of labor reserves. The subject of this research is the examination of core financial and social problems faced by the youth working at the defense industry plants of the republic. Special attention is given to analysis of the impact of wartime struggles and hardships upon household and food procurement. It is noted that shortage of housing, low salaries, insecure life, poor nutrition, deficit of clothing and footwear often led breach of employee discipline. The article explores the important vectors in the activity of Komsomol with regards to housing and living conditions, as well as various forms of financial and psychological incentives that promote adaptation of youth to working at the industrial plant. The scientific novelty consists in introduction into the scientific discourse of a number of previously unpublished source that were collected specifically for this research. As a result of the conducted research, it was established that working youth, who for the most part came from rural localities to the city, were put in quite difficult social and living conditions, experiencing critical problems in the process of adaptation; however, they accomplished significant labor achievements and made their contribution to the common Victory.

Abstract: The research subject of this study is the military training of Soviet youth of pre-conscription age and before serving in the Red Army. The relevance of this topic stems from the fact that the militarization of the population was an important aspect of Soviet reality, as with the coming to power, the Bolshevik leadership sought to strengthen the new socialist state and tried to protect it from any external and internal encroachments. Of paramount political importance was the question of the conscription of non-Russian nationalities and national formations. The aim of this article is to analyze the composition of parts of the Red Army by non-Russian peoples in one of the national regions of the country, namely in the Buryat-Mongol Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. As the methodological basis of this study, the author used general scientific and special historical methods. The historical and comparative analysis made it possible to compare the factual material, while the source study method helped to identify and determine certain aspects in the studied problem that have not yet been adequately addressed in historiography. Finally, the principle of scientific integrity has enabled the author's objective analysis and the analytical method has given this work the necessary level of theoretical generalizations. The novelty of this study lies in the fact that new archival materials, newspaper publications, and personal memoirs are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, which revealed various aspects of the preparation of the Buryats for military service. The author concludes that in the designated period in the Buryat-Mongol Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, thousands of liable military conscripts, who did not have the tradition of military service before, underwent pre-war training.