Abstract: The subject of the study is the safe and reliable operation of the engineering and technical composition of airfields. The object of the study is the means of collective protection against aircraft noise. The authors consider examine such aspects of the topic as ensuring the proper protective and operational characteristics of collective protection equipment for the purpose of their effective operation by the engineering and technical composition of airfields. Particular attention is paid to such features of the topic as the methodological provision of ergonomic expertise as a tool for comprehensive assessment of the protective and operational characteristics of collective protection equipment. During the research methods of the theory of reliability, collection and processing of expert information, ergonomics, occupational medicine, hygiene, labor physiology, engineering psychology were used. The main conclusion of the study is that the developed methodology provides an objective ergonomic examination of collective protection against aircraft noise and can be used in selecting and testing collective protection equipment, as well as in justifying proposals for their improvement. The novelty of the study is determined by the ability to assess the effectiveness of collective protection facilities by combining objective and subjective assessments of the information characteristics of acoustic efficiency, operational and ergonomic properties.

Abstract: The research subject is the problem of ensuring optimal conditions of interaction of people and aviation equipment in the interests of safe exploitation. This problem has recently aggravated. The need to eliminate ergonomic shortcomings of cabins and scrutinous ergonomic engineering of cabins for the purpose of increasing the number of aircrew errors caused by ergonomic shortcomings of cabins, has determined the need to study ergonomic aspects of evolution of cabins of front-line aircrafts with a focus on the shortcomings of early stages of life limits of cabins of modern and advanced aircrafts.
The research methodology combines the methods of system analysis, aviation ergonomics, aviation equipment testing and designing, historiography and source study. The authors conclude that with the complication of aviation equipment and the ways of using it, the information display system becomes more important for a pilot, and the variants of glass cockpits of advanced aviation equipment have unacceptably large number of shortcomings, determined by insufficient engineering of the concept of cabins arrangement at the early stages of the life limit of aviation equipment. 

Abstract: The subject of this study is the safety of vital activity of the flight and engineering-technical personnel of state aviation. The object of this study is the acoustic safety of professional activities of the flight and engineering-technical personnel of state aviation. The authors meticulously examine such aspects of the topic, as the assessment of working conditions of the flight and engineering-technical personnel of state aviation considering the noise and infrasound; risks of reducing the overall and professional performance due to the impact of the acoustic factor; as well as reliability of the flight and engineering- technical personnel of state aviation. Methodology of the research combines the methods of engineering acoustics, reliability theory, aviation medicine, occupational medicine, ergonomics, and probability theory. The main conclusion consists in substantiation of the need for developing and implementing the special means and methods to ensure the acoustic safety of professional activity of the flight and engineering-technical staff of state aviation as an integral part of the system for providing the safe aircraft operation. It is demonstrated that the system for preventing the negative impact of noise upon the aviation personnel must be comprehensive, as well as include technical and organizational measures, monitoring of the working conditions of flight and engineering-technical personnel, availability and proper application of the individual and collective noise protection, dynamic medical supervision over the flight and engineering-technical personnel of state aviation, with the implementation of a complex of medical-preventive and health-improving measures.

Abstract: The research subject is acoustic safety of aviation specialists’ activities, including the analysis of the peculiarities of use of the audio channel of the aviation ergatic system management, the functional reliability of the operator of the aviation ergatic system, the sources of aviation noise, the ways of modeling of the noise impact on the reliability of the operator, the crews of modern aircrafts and the physiological mechanisms of impact of aviation noise on the operator of the aviation ergatic system. The novelty of the study is determined by its system character and orientation on the detection of the problems of safety of professional activities of aviation specialists, conditioned by the impact of aviation noise. The research methodology combines the methods of the reliability theory, hygienic studies, occupational medicine, evidentiary medicine, mathematical statistics and engineering acoustics. The authors formulate the particular problems of safety of professional activities of aviation specialists, determined by the impact of aviation noise. The study shows that aviation noise is the source of potential danger, causing the higher risk of misactions of aviation specialists and the danger of occupation diseases, causing the early professional disqualification. The research results show the urgent necessity to develop and implement special means and methods of improvement of acoustic safety of aviation specialists’ professional activities as an integral element of the safe operation of air transport. 

Abstract: The authors give a complex characteristic to the relevant problems in improvement of the flight security system in state aviation that is based on the joint examination of the aircrafts and human factor, considering the experience of operation of aircraft in all phases of the lifecycle with concentration on aircraft testing. Two components of ensuring safety – the aircraft and human factor were being examined separately, and then comprehensively, as interrelated, cooperating, and mutually substantiated components of the unified ergatic system “airplane – pilot”. The main conclusions of this research consist in concretization of the relevant issues of ensuring flight security in civil aviation: complexity of the modern airplane, especially in organization of the information field in the flight deck; average flying skills of the majority of the current military aviators; unfinished testing of the aviation complexes; and various types of aircrafts. Indeed, each question requires a separate and more detailed examination for the purpose of determining the causes and threats to flight security, as well as understanding of them and developing a state strategy on elimination of the of accidents in state aviation.  First and foremost, it should be clear that the corner stone of ensuring flight security is the human.

Abstract: The subject of this study are the ergonomic aspects of creation, testing and operation of computer systems for training of aviation professionals (flight crews, primarily). The process of learning using computer training systems is examined as a focused, interactive process between instructor and trainee by a determined training program, the result of which is a training environment that provides the acquisition (and development) of knowledge, skills and abilities on behalf of the trainee. The ergonomic qualities of learning environment are defined by how well the technological means of learning correspond with individual psychological and physiological qualities of the trainee. The methodology of this research combines the techniques of engineering psychology, ergonomics, pedagogy, cybernetics, psychology of extreme situations, adaptive control, feedback control. The main result of the study are the formulated concepts of systemic particularization and accounting of ergonomic aspects in the process of forming and implementing of feedback between instructor and learner, as a necessary condition for high-quality training in the interests of forming stable, reproducible knowledge and skills for exercising professionalism in extreme conditions.

Abstract: Abstract. The study focuses on the issues of adequate forecasting of investment in scientific and technical products and expertise of design solutions in order to support management decision-making at the early stages of the life cycle of such products. The implementation of design solutions being considered in the planning of production volumes is associated with non-recurring costs related to the development, production and operation of the products. The main areas of the study are: forecast of the cost of scientific and technical products, determination of the volume of investment in production and estimation of operating costs. The methodological basis of the study involves the methods of economic forecasting, systemic analysis as well as the theory of reliability and the theory of design and testing of complex systems. The main results of the study can be summarized as follows: the development of adapted methods to forecast the cost of scientific and technical products, determine the volume of investment in production and operating costs; the practical use (combined application) of these methods enabling to substantiate the needed amount of investments into scientific and technical products at the stage of design solutions