Abstract: The subject of the study is the safe and reliable operation of the engineering and technical composition of airfields. The object of the study is the means of collective protection against aircraft noise. The authors consider examine such aspects of the topic as ensuring the proper protective and operational characteristics of collective protection equipment for the purpose of their effective operation by the engineering and technical composition of airfields. Particular attention is paid to such features of the topic as the methodological provision of ergonomic expertise as a tool for comprehensive assessment of the protective and operational characteristics of collective protection equipment. During the research methods of the theory of reliability, collection and processing of expert information, ergonomics, occupational medicine, hygiene, labor physiology, engineering psychology were used. The main conclusion of the study is that the developed methodology provides an objective ergonomic examination of collective protection against aircraft noise and can be used in selecting and testing collective protection equipment, as well as in justifying proposals for their improvement. The novelty of the study is determined by the ability to assess the effectiveness of collective protection facilities by combining objective and subjective assessments of the information characteristics of acoustic efficiency, operational and ergonomic properties.

Abstract: The subject of this study is the safety of vital activity of the flight and engineering-technical personnel of state aviation. The object of this study is the acoustic safety of professional activities of the flight and engineering-technical personnel of state aviation. The authors meticulously examine such aspects of the topic, as the assessment of working conditions of the flight and engineering-technical personnel of state aviation considering the noise and infrasound; risks of reducing the overall and professional performance due to the impact of the acoustic factor; as well as reliability of the flight and engineering- technical personnel of state aviation. Methodology of the research combines the methods of engineering acoustics, reliability theory, aviation medicine, occupational medicine, ergonomics, and probability theory. The main conclusion consists in substantiation of the need for developing and implementing the special means and methods to ensure the acoustic safety of professional activity of the flight and engineering-technical staff of state aviation as an integral part of the system for providing the safe aircraft operation. It is demonstrated that the system for preventing the negative impact of noise upon the aviation personnel must be comprehensive, as well as include technical and organizational measures, monitoring of the working conditions of flight and engineering-technical personnel, availability and proper application of the individual and collective noise protection, dynamic medical supervision over the flight and engineering-technical personnel of state aviation, with the implementation of a complex of medical-preventive and health-improving measures.

Abstract: The research subject is acoustic safety of aviation specialists’ activities, including the analysis of the peculiarities of use of the audio channel of the aviation ergatic system management, the functional reliability of the operator of the aviation ergatic system, the sources of aviation noise, the ways of modeling of the noise impact on the reliability of the operator, the crews of modern aircrafts and the physiological mechanisms of impact of aviation noise on the operator of the aviation ergatic system. The novelty of the study is determined by its system character and orientation on the detection of the problems of safety of professional activities of aviation specialists, conditioned by the impact of aviation noise. The research methodology combines the methods of the reliability theory, hygienic studies, occupational medicine, evidentiary medicine, mathematical statistics and engineering acoustics. The authors formulate the particular problems of safety of professional activities of aviation specialists, determined by the impact of aviation noise. The study shows that aviation noise is the source of potential danger, causing the higher risk of misactions of aviation specialists and the danger of occupation diseases, causing the early professional disqualification. The research results show the urgent necessity to develop and implement special means and methods of improvement of acoustic safety of aviation specialists’ professional activities as an integral element of the safe operation of air transport. 

Abstract: Reports on materials medical-flight examination studied the incidence of aircraft lifting of the state of aviation in conjunction with the results of medical and social studies (sample size 242). It was found that the structure of morbidity significant place (maximum weight) are diseases of the musculoskeletal system (osteochondrosis and primarily scoliosis of the spine) of the circulatory system and metabolic diseases that affect the reliability of professional work and causes a decrease in professional longevity representatives of socio-professional group. The research methodology is based on the methods of occupational medicine, sociology, medicine, aviation medicine, occupational health, psychophysiology of labor. It is shown that prevention of diseases of the musculoskeletal system should be carried out with the stage of selection of candidates for training cadets and flight schools with the help of X-ray and ultrasound. The proposal for a system of professional selection and dynamic medical examination of flight personnel, the introduction of which into the practice of aviation medicine will lead to earlier detection of diseases of the spine, reduce morbidity and increase career longevity aircraft lifting of the state of aviation.

Abstract: This article examines the problem of exploitation of aerodromes and aircrafts, as well as their impact upon the environmental security and human health. The authors note that the issues with the safe exploitation of aerodromes are associated with the intense advancement of the aviation technology, accompanied by the increase of the aircraft engines capacity and by the imperfection of the normative base that regulates the use of the adjacent areas t to airports, aerodromes, and aviation companies. As a result, it created a problem of anthropoecological security of aerodromes exploitation, which became an issue of the country’s national security. The authors conduct a socio-sanitary monitoring of the adjacent zones to aerodromes, the results of which are linked to the data from the monitoring of the acoustic circumstances, as well as characteristics of medico-demographical situation and morbidity of the population. The authors believe that provision of the anthropoecological security in exploitation of aerodromes and airports requires formulization and implementation of the new normative-methodological base considering the realities and international experience, as well as permanent socio-sanitary monitoring of territories adjacent to the aerodromes, airports, and aviation companies, in the interest of timely execution of the complex of preventive measures.

Abstract: The paper studies acoustic conditions and work environment at the workplaces of aviation specialists and heavy duty trucks drivers in order to reveal the peculiarities of joint effect of noise and infrasound with the purpose of developing the effective means, ways, and methods of protection against them. The simultaneous conditions of noise and infrasound at the specialists’ workplaces are considered in the article as a joint effect of the two harmful workplace factors worsening the working conditions and promoting the increase of chronic and work-related diseases. The research methodology combines the methods of hygienic studies, occupational medicine, evidentiary medicine, medical statistics, and medical acoustics. The authors conclude that under the conditions of a joint effect of noise and infrasound with the maximum spectrum in the sound range, the most frequent disease is the perceptive hearing loss (a work-related disease), and with the maximum spectrum in infrasound range – the nonspecific extracochlear pathology in the form of arterial hypertension (a work conditioned disease). The presence of frequencies of infra- and sound ranges in the spectrum of affecting noise, combined with their high level, should be taken into account when choosing the means and ways of personnel protection.

Abstract: The subject of the research is a comprehensive multi-aspect characterization of the standard of living areas adjacent to air transport enterprises, taking into account the acoustic impact of environmental conditions, medical and social factors. The authors specified the acoustic aspects of the environmental impact in the places of habitation of the representative socio-professional groups, gave estimates of the health risks caused by the cumulative effect of aircraft noise on the urban areas being researched. The conclusions of the research are summarized for residential areas that are impacted by the cumulative effects of high-intensity industrial (manufacturing) noise. The research methodology combines the research methods used by experts of medical sociology, occupational medicine, medical geography, aviation medicine and medical informatics. The main conclusion of this study is that now the noise factor in the workplace aviation affects those who work in the industry and the general population of urban areas adjacent to the air transport enterprises, results in the decline in living standards, and is a major risk factor that requires constant monitoring and implementation of appropriate preventive measures, and also taking into account the estimates provided with the development of territories adjacent to enterprises the functioning of which is associated with intense noise impact on the environment.