Abstract: The subject of this research is the role of Russian population in the socioeconomic processes of Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR) during the Great Patriotic War. This event let to substantial quantitative and qualitative changes in socio-demographic composition of population of the Bashkir ASSR, which affected the economic potential of the region, as wells as had direct or indirect influence on the role of Bashkortostan in political space of the country. Reminiscence of those years define the specificity of ethnic, social, economic and to a certain extent political development of Bashkortostan at the present stage. The article applies the comparison of statistical data on demography and economics with the records derived from the narrative sources. The article demonstrates that despite the severe economic and humanitarian losses, the Great Patriotic War led to a surge in the economic regard, including influx of the evacuated workforce and acceleration of urbanization. Dwelling of the evacuated academic, university and engineering-technical personnel in Bashkiria contributed to significant economic and cultural progress of the region. Thus, in the beginning of 1990’s, the region became one of the initiators and leaders of the “sovereignty parade”, influencing the character of political processes in post-Soviet Russia. Moreover, the formed during the wartime industrial capacity of the republic allowed partially compensating the difficulties, caused by the transition to market economy in the 1990’s.

Abstract: The subject of this research is history of the study of Russian population of Bashkortostan in the XX century. The object is the set of major publications over the period of 1920’s until the present time. The author analyzes the publications of ethnodemography, literary studies, linguistics, and ethnography that are the key directions for studying the indicated problem over the recent years. The most profound research on the topic were created by the linguists-dialectologists; the rest of the scientific disciplines lag in studying of the topic.  The article is based on the critical analysis of historiography of the problem, considering some common development trends with the historiographical situation in the country. The author is first to introduce a brief overview of the main research on the history and culture of the Russian population of Bashkortostan. Historiography of Russian of the Republic is subjected to critical analysis, with emphasis on the positive and weak aspects of the works at hand. It is established that the authentically scientific publications on the topic began to appear only over the recent years. The provided in the article material allow understanding which aspects of the topic require further research.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the demographic processes in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The object is the Russian ethnic group residing in the region. Russian is the largest population group of the Republic, dominating in the key branches of economy and affecting the social and cultural processes. The article examines the questions of territorial displacement of the indicated ethnic group. Due to the high level of urbanization of the Russian population, special attention is given to the dynamics in the size of urban community in the region and its correlation with the number of rural residents. Based on the comparative analysis of the census of 1979-2010, the author analyzes the dynamics of territorial displacement of the Russians, change in their number by reference to various regions of the Republic, as well as city and rural areas. A conclusion is made that despite the negative events in the sphere of population increase among other ethnoses, the number of Russians in the Republic continues to rapidly decrease. Such decline was not just natural, but in certain cases identification that is common to the polyethnic regions: because of growth of the national self-consciousness in post-Soviet time, part of the population that previously considered themselves Russians, has “returned” to their “own” ethnic groups. The presented material can be valuable in further research in this area, as well as allows determining the vector of scientific search on this matter.