Abstract: The research subject is bankruptcy laws in China, interpretations of people’s courts of China and scholar articles by Russian and foreign authors in this sphere. The research object is legal regulation of bankruptcy in the People’s Republic of China in its development. The author considers such aspects of the topic as the influence of China’s economic policy on law making in this sphere, the impact of foreign law, the peculiarities and problems of legal regulation of bankruptcy on different stages of development of the country’s political and economic systems. Special attention is given to the modern stage of development of China’s bankruptcy laws and the scope of the current Law on business bankruptcy. The research methodology includes the complex analysis of the legislation of the People’s Republic of China, regulating bankruptcy, using the comparative-legal, comparative-historical and formal-legal methods. The scientific novelty consists in the description of the development of bankruptcy in the historical and comparative-legal aspect from the position of the state’s economic policy in different periods of its development. The author outlines three main stages of development of bankruptcy laws: from the early 20th century to the establishment of the People’s Republic of China; the period of economic reforms from 1978 till 2006; the recent stage of bankruptcy regulation in accordance with the “Law on business bankruptcy”. Each of these stages reflects the socio-economic aspects of China’s politics and the impact of the experience of bankruptcy regulation in different countries, especially in the U.S. The author prognosticates the further development of the bankruptcy institution in the direction connected with the extension of the range of debtors, covered by bankruptcy laws, by the inclusion of private entrepreneurs.  

Abstract: The object of the research includes the actual changes in legal regulation of insolvency (bankruptcy) connected with the introduction of institution of bankruptcy of natural persons without a status of an individual entrepreneur, and the transfer of consumer bankruptcy cases to the competence of the courts of general jurisdiction. Special attention is paid to the analysis of standards of the Code of civil procedure of the Russian Federation and the Arbitration procedural code of the Russian Federation, differentiating the powers of courts and arbitration courts on cases of insolvency (bankruptcy), to the questions of jurisdiction of citizens' bankruptcy cases, their exclusive and territorial  jurisdiction. The methodology of the research is based on the complex analysis of the regulations of Russian legislation concerning the jurisdiction of citizens' bankruptcy cases, and the provisions of the Concept of the unified Code of civil procedure of the Russian Federation about the competence of the courts. The author comes to the conclusion that the reforming of judicial system in a result of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation abolition, and the activities aimed at the unification of civil and arbitration proceedings reveal a tendency to a further merge of courts and arbitration courts. Under these circumstances the exclusive  jurisdiction institution should serve as a mechanism of their powers distribution. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the author suggests the usage of the term "jurisdiction" in the Code of civil procedure of the Russian Federation in order to differentiate the powers of courts from the powers of arbitration courts.