Abstract: The article is devoted to simultaneous study of two legal aspects. The first aspect concern non-judicial approach to protection of lawful rights and interests of a person in cases when such rights are infringed within judicial process, however, it is not possible to challenge the acts of a judge into a court of higher instance. The second aspect provides a direct response to an issue of whether a party to a civil case may get acquainted with the medical documents requested by the courts.  The ambiguity within this issue is due to the fact that medical documents requested by the court as such are not evidence (while the expert opinion based on it is evidence), but the medical documents may be subject to graphologic or other type of expertise.  The problems are analyzed based upon the facts of a specific civil process, where the author used non-judicial protection in the form of being familiarized with the materials of the case with the assistance of various officials and official bodies, including the Chairperson of a District Court, Chiefs of the Court of the Constituent Subject of the Russian Federation, Administration of the President of hte Russian Federation and the Plenipotentiary on Human Rights in the Russian Federation. The author proves efficiency of non-judicial forms of protection of subjective rights and lawful interests even in an on-going judicial case.