New challenges and security threats to modern countries
Reference:
Tsimashchenia V.A.
Global Criminal Alliances: The Phenomenon of Interaction between European Union and Latin American Criminal Organizations
// Conflict Studies / nota bene.
2024. № 3.
P. 1-13.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0617.2024.3.71348 EDN: TJDSTX URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=71348
Abstract:
The research focuses on the evolution of transnational organized crime, mechanisms of interaction between criminal structures in these two regions, and the impact of this cooperation on global security. Special attention is given to the analysis of criminal flow convergence, including drug trafficking, money laundering, and arms trade. The study investigates the transformation process of local criminal organizations into global criminal networks, as well as the formation of shadow enclaves in Latin America. The object of research includes specific cases of cooperation between European and Latin American criminal groups, their methods and strategies, and the socio-economic and political factors contributing to the development of this phenomenon. The research employs an interdisciplinary approach, combining methods from criminology, political science, sociology, and economics. Data is sourced from official reports, academic publications, and expert interviews. The scientific novelty of the research lies in its comprehensive analysis of international criminal alliances, viewing transnational organized crime as a complex adaptive system. Key findings include the identification of trends towards the formation of stable transcontinental criminal networks, determination of key factors facilitating this process, and analysis of its impact on regional and global security. The author's contribution is the development of the "shadow enclaves" concept as key nodes in the structure of international criminal alliances. The study also reveals new forms of criminal cooperation, including the symbiosis of terrorism and drug trafficking.The article provides insights for developing more effective strategies to counter transnational organized crime, emphasizing the need for enhanced international cooperation in law enforcement, legislative harmonization, and anti-corruption efforts.
Keywords:
Shadow enclaves, Global security, European Union, Latin America, Drug trafficking, Organized crime groups, Criminal Alliances, Transnational crime, International cooperation, Convergence of criminal flows
International conflicts
Reference:
Machnev I.P.
Comparative analysis of modern concepts of hybrid warfare
// Conflict Studies / nota bene.
2024. № 3.
P. 14-27.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0617.2024.3.71180 EDN: MWCSLS URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=71180
Abstract:
The term "hybrid war" is currently one of the actively discussed in the context of the geopolitical processes taking place between the countries of the collective West on the one hand, Russia and China on the other. However, there are many different theoretical concepts of the term "hybrid warfare" in the research field, which creates a certain terminological confusion, which consequently leads to an incomplete understanding of such a term. Thus, in this study, foreign and domestic concepts of the term "hybrid war" were presented, analyzed and systematized, and the problem of politicization of this term was also identified. The subject of the study is the analysis of the theoretical concepts of the term "hybrid warfare". The object of the study is hybrid warfare. The purpose of the study is to identify the main concepts of hybrid warfare and compare them. The research methodology is based on general scientific theoretical methods such as analysis, generalization, comparison, deduction and induction, as well as special methods, namely the method of critical analysis of discourse, the method of historical analysis and the main methods of historical research, in particular, the comparative historical method and typologization. The results of this research are the disclosure of theoretical concepts of foreign and domestic scientists, as well as their systematization, comparison and analysis of their content in the context of discourse. The novelty of this study lies in a comprehensive comparison and analysis of various concepts of the term "hybrid warfare", which allows us to reveal the understanding of such a term from the point of view of researchers from Western countries and from Russia. Despite the existing concepts of hybrid warfare, it is concluded that the question of understanding such a war remains debatable. In conclusion, it is worth noting that this work will be a useful tool for in-depth theoretical research in the field of hybrid warfare, since this study identifies and systematizes the main scientific works related to the study of such wars, as well as analyzes their content.
Keywords:
strategy, confrontation, security, war, concept, politicization, conflict, discourse, hybrid threat, hybrid warfare
Theory, history and methodology of conflict resolution
Reference:
Ionov D.D., Kretov A.D.
The place of the Arab Spring in French foreign policy
// Conflict Studies / nota bene.
2024. № 3.
P. 28-44.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0617.2024.3.71208 EDN: NQUYIO URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=71208
Abstract:
The events of the Arab Spring have had a significant impact on the world stage, extending its influence beyond the Arab region, leading to dramatic changes in the political landscape of the Middle East. This article analyses assessments of the Arab Spring and its impact on French foreign policy. The paper examines the key factors that shaped France's approach to the Arab Spring events, including geopolitical interests, economic ties, historical relations with the Arab world, and domestic political considerations. The aim of the paper is to analyse the key assessments, approaches and interpretations of the French expert community in relation to the Arab Spring events. The object of the study is French foreign policy in the context of the Arab Spring events and its impact on France's relations with Arab countries. The subject of the study is the assessment of the ‘Arab Spring’ by the French expert community. The methodological basis of the article is based on the system approach. The scientific novelty of the work is due to the fact that it treats the events of the Arab Spring as a turning point for French foreign policy in the Middle East, leading to a revision of previously established approaches. The authors concluded that the events of the Arab Spring have become a serious challenge for France's foreign policy, requiring a flexible response and adjustment of previously established approaches. The results of the study contribute to the understanding of the peculiarities of France's foreign policy course in the Middle East region, and also make it possible to assess the impact of the Arab Spring on the transformation of foreign policy priorities of one of the leading states of the European Union.
Keywords:
international relations, Syria, Libya, Egypt, Tunisia, France, Union for the Mediterranean, European Union, Middle East, arab spring