Abstract: The subject of the research is migration conflicts at the U.S.-Mexico border. In the article, they are considered as a persistent conflict phenomenon related to socio-economic and political processes in the countries of origin of migrants and in the host country. The object of the study is transboundary migration flows in the North and Central America region. The paper analyzes the causes of migration conflicts and the peculiarities of their development. It examines the impact of economic inequality, political instability, and the criminalization of border areas. Special attention is given to the role of the migration policy of the United States and Mexico, as well as the problem of institutional inconsistency. The aim of the research is to identify the factors determining the conflict dynamics of migration processes and to assess the possibilities of their regulation from the perspective of conflictology. The work employs institutional and structural-functional analysis, as well as a comparative method. The empirical basis consists of data from international organizations, analytical centers, and scientific publications on the issue of migration conflicts. The main conclusions of the conducted research state that migration conflicts at the U.S.-Mexico border are formed under the influence of a combination of socio-economic, political, and institutional factors. It has been established that their development is determined not so much by the scale of migration as by the quality of state governance and the level of coordination in migration regulation. A significant contribution of the author to the study of the topic is the identification of the role of public opinion and mass media as factors that exacerbate social polarization and transboundary tension. It has been shown that the informational support of migration processes directly influences the perception of migration as a threat and contributes to increased conflict. The novelty of the research lies in the consideration of migration conflicts as an independent conflict dynamic reproduced by the institutional and social conditions of the region, rather than as a temporary reaction to an increase in migration flows. The conclusions justify the need to transition from predominantly reactive measures to a long-term migration management strategy aimed at institutional coordination, protection of migrant rights, and reduction of conflict potential at the U.S.-Mexico border. The results of the research can be used in the development of migration policy, humanitarian aid programs, and mechanisms for transboundary cooperation.

Keywords: Migration conflicts, U.S.–Mexico border, transborder migration, institutional factors, organized crime, migration policy, social tension, conflict escalation, public opinion, international cooperation

Abstract: The relevance of this study is due to the fact that the colonial presence of France in Africa from a peripheral plot of «foreign history» has become one of the key nodes of understanding of modernism itself, the structure of international relations and post-colonial asymmetries. In recent decades, the French historiography demonstrates a clear «colonial turn»: not only the evaluation of France’s policy in Africa is changing, but also the tools of an international historian who has to take into account African agencies, the long-term consequences of imperial domination and their impact on modern foreign policy and France’s global positioning. The object of the study is a French historiography devoted to the colonial presence of France in Africa. The subject of this study are changes in the assessments of French colonization of Africa within the key directions of this historiography. This study is based on a historiographical analysis, a comparative approach, elements of discourse analysis, and a structural-historical approach which make it possible to conduct research on the subject of this study. The key findings of this study are a demonstration of the development of evaluation of French colonial policy in Africa within the framework of French historiography from the marginal topic of diplomatic history to one of the central reference points for understanding French modernity itself and International relations; analysis of the specialized historiography of colonialism in France and its contribution to the reassessment of French colonial policy in Africa; evaluation of the «new historical science» of French colonization of Africa as a factor shaping the post-colonial international order; Analysis of the assessment of the French colonial presence in Africa by African historians.

Keywords: France, Africa, History, Historiography, Colonialism, Historiography of colonialism, Annales school, African historiography, Evolution, Françafrique

Abstract: The article is devoted to the scientific consideration of foreign researchers' views on the issues and prospects of military-political, trade-economic and socio-cultural relations of the Russian Federation with the countries of the Middle East during the presidency of V.V. Putin and D.A. Medvedev from 2000 to 2023. The paper aims to identify the main points of view of foreign researchers on the issues and prospects of military-political, trade, economic, social and cultural relations of the Russian Federation with the Middle East countries during the presidency of V.V. Putin and D.A. Medvedev in 2000-2023. The purpose of the work is to highlight the main points of view on Russia's Middle East policy and identify the key areas of interest among foreign researchers. The object of the study is to examine the geopolitical significance of the region and the ways in which this significance is reflected in the studies of foreign scholars. The subject is the views of foreign researchers on Russia's policy in the Middle East. The article analyzes the differences and similarities in the interpretations of the effectiveness and consequences of Russia's actions in the region. The study is based on the principles of objectivity, systematicity and consistency. The main conclusions of the paper are that foreign researchers have different attitudes towards Russia's policy in the Middle East. Some see this policy as a constructive approach to developing relations with all countries in the region, while others point to Russia's desire to strengthen its influence and interests in certain countries and, at the same time, Russia's attempt to upset the already fragile balance of power in the region, which is considered one of the most tense and unstable in the world.

Keywords: Russia, Middle East, historiography, foreign oriental studies, conflict-prone region, regional safety, geopolitical interests, international mediation, Arab Spring, Arab-Israeli conflict

Abstract: The subject of this research is the Near East as a conflictogenic territory – the region that reveals confrontation with the Western civilization, as well as having a cascade of internal contradictions. The author explores the attempts of establishing the Western democratic structure in the countries of the region, and analyzes the results of such attempts. Particular attention is dedicated to determination of civilizational characteristics of the regions and their manifestations in political process and historical retrospective. The article provides examples demonstrating the emergence of the unique models of sociopolitical order as a response to political and economic influence of the West. The author considers the experience of Iran, Libya and Tunis, analyzes the positions of terrorist organizations, and gives assessment for the prospects of creation of Caliphate. The author’s special contribution consists in description of response of a number of Near East countries to the cultural and economic expansion of the West, taking into account a difficult and mosaic from the civilizational and political perspectives public method of its organization. The research reflects the evolution of ideological grounds of the unity of Near East countries, as well as reviews the strong and weak aspects of the various social models emerging in the region.

Keywords: Civilization project, East-West confrontation, Midde East, Islam civilization, Civilizational alternative, Panarabism, Arab socialism, Iran state model, Libia military conflict, Cnfrontation

Abstract: This article studies the main mechanisms of administration used by developed countries for managing controlled territories. The basis of this research is the historical analysis of the cases of large international zones of influence competing. As a result the author shows that natural conditions promoted the formation of states that became economic centers and used financial instruments of the free market and ideology and wealth-based attractiveness to influence other states. These methods are considered to be primary methods. States that strive to develop independently when a large financial center is present, had to employ defensive methods. The author shows that, in normal conditions, a state that exists in more favourable conditions compared to its neighbours often force uneven agreement terms on others. In time such a state becomes a major financial center with an almost-free economy. Sometimes influence was spread via nominally-independent international organizations. States that develop with a large economic center present, in order to gain the ability to compete, had to limit outside influence first, by the means of economic isolation, or economic dependence of the state from its territory. One of the prime instruments of foreign politics for competing against major economic centers are unions with other states, based on equality. Those were not the conditions that could be offered by a state that builds its superiority on the dependence of its neighbours. At later stages, these states transition to expansionist politics and attempt to establish direct dominion over annexed territories.

Keywords: competition between countries, independent organizations, international agreements, centralized administration, planned economy, free trade, democracy, financial centers, influence spread, state administration

Abstract: A freshly released IMF’s World Economic Outlook brings (yet again, for the sixth year in a row, and for the third time this year only) no comforting picture to anyone within the G‑7, especially in the US and EU. Will the passionately US-pushed cross-Atlantic Free Trade Area save the day? Or, would that Pact-push drag the things over the edge and mark an end of the unionistic Europe? Is the extended EU conflict with Russia actually a beginning of the Atlantic-Central Europe’s conflict over Russia, an internalization of mega geopolitical and geo-economic dilemma — who accommodates with whom, in and out of the Union? Methodological basis of the research are systemic, structural and functional, and comparative istorichseky kultkrno-civilizational approaches, methods of analysis, synthesis, simulation. Finally, does more Ukrainian (and Eastern Europe) calamities pave the road for a new cross-continental grand accommodation, of either austerity-tired France or über-performing Germany with Russia, therefore the end of the EU? For whose sake Eastern Europe has been barred of all important debates such as that of Slavism, identity, secularism and antifascism? Why do we suddenly wonder that all around Germany-led Central Europe, the neo-Nazism gains ground while only Russia insists on antifascism and (pan-)Slavism?

Keywords: international relations, foreign politics, politicheskie konflikty, Byzantium, Europe, Slavism, hitory, nation, interests, security